Disagreements over slavery heighten regional tensions and leads to the breakup of the Union'

1
Disagreements over slavery heighten regional
tensions and leads to the breakup of the Union.
NEXT
2
The Divisive Politics of Slavery
Differences Between North and South
Controversy over Slavery Worsens Southern
plantation economy relies on enslaved
labor Industrialized North does not depend on
slavery South tries to spread slavery in West
Norths opposition to slavery intensifies,
tries to stop its spread
NEXT
3
Slavery in the Territories
Statehood for California California applies for
statehood as free state in 1849 angers South
The Compromise of 1850 Slave state Texas claims
eastern half of New Mexico Territory Southern
states threaten secessionwithdrawal from
Union Compromise of 1850 has provisions for
both sides California becomes free state
tougher fugitive slave law enacted Popular
sovereignty, or vote, decides slavery issue in
NM, Utah
NEXT
4
Compromise of 1850
5
Protest, Resistance, and Violence
Fugitive Slave Act Slaves denied trial by jury
helpers fined and imprisoned Northerners defy
Act, help send slaves to safety in Canada
The Underground Railroad Abolitionists develop
Underground Railroadescape routes from
South Harriet Tubman is conductor on 19 trips
to free African Americans
Uncle Toms Cabin Uncle Toms Cabin by Harriet
Beecher Stowe increases protests
Continued . . .
NEXT
6
HarrietBeecherStowe(1811 1896)
So this is the lady who started the Civil War.
-- Abraham Lincoln
7
Uncle Toms Cabin 1852

• Sold 300,000 copies inthe first year.
• 2 million in a decade!

8
continued Protest, Resistance, and Violence
Tension in Kansas and Nebraska Kansas, Nebraska
territories north of 36?30 line, closed to
slavery 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act allows popular
sovereignty on slavery
NEXT
9
Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854
10
continued Protest, Resistance, and Violence
Bleeding Kansas Proslavery settlers from
Missouri cross border to vote in Kansas
Fraudulent victory leads to violent struggle
over slavery in Kansas
NEXT
11
Bleeding Kansas
Border Ruffians(pro-slavery Missourians)
12
continued Protest, Resistance, and Violence

• Violence in the Senate
• Charles Sumner verbally attacks slavery,
  singles out Andrew Butler
• Preston S. Brooks, Butlers nephew, assaults
  Sumner on Senate floor

NEXT
13
The Crime Against Kansas
Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA)
Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC)
14
New Political Parties Emerge

• Slavery Divides Whigs
• Democrat Franklin Pierce elected president in
  1852
• Northern, Southern Whigs split over slavery in
  territories
• Nativist Know-Nothings also split by region over
  slavery

NEXT
15
The Know-Nothings The American Party

• Nativists.
• Anti-Catholics.
• Anti-immigrants.

16
1852 Presidential Election
v Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield
Scott John Parker Hale
Democrat
Whig
Free Soil
17
New Political Parties Emerge, contd.

• The Free-Soilers Voice
• Free-Soilers fear slavery will drive down wages
  of white workers

• The New Republican Party
• Republican Party forms in 1854 oppose slavery in
  territories
• Democrat James Buchanan elected president (1856)
  secession averted

NEXT
18
Conflicts Lead to Secession

• The Dred Scott Decision
• Dred Scott, a slave taken to free territory by
  owner, claims freedom
• Supreme Court denies appeal Scott has no legal
  rights, not a citizen
• North angry South reads ruling as guaranteed
  extension of slavery

Continued . . .
NEXT
19
Conflicts Lead to Secession, contd.

• Lincoln-Douglas Debates
• 1858 Senate race between Senator Stephen Douglas
  and Abraham Lincoln
• Douglas wants popular sovereignty to decide if
  state is free or slave
• Lincoln considers slavery immoral wants
  constitutional amendment

Continued . . .
NEXT
20
The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate)Debates,
1858
A House divided against itself, cannot stand.
21
continued Conflicts Lead to Secession

• Harpers Ferry
• John Brown leads group to arsenal to start slave
  uprising (1859)
• Troops put down rebellion Brown is tried,
  executed

NEXT
22
John Brown Madman, Hero, or Martyr?
Mural in the Kansas Capitol buildingby John
Steuart Curry (20c)
23
continued Conflicts Lead to Secession

• Lincoln Is Elected President
• 1860, Lincoln beats 3 candidates, wins no
  southern electoral votes

NEXT
24
1860PresidentialElection
v Abraham LincolnRepublican
John BellConstitutional Union
Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat
John C. BreckinridgeSouthern Democrat
25
Republican Party Platform in 1860

• Non-extension of slavery for the Free-Soilers.
• Protective tariff for the No. Industrialists.
• No abridgment of rights for immigrants a
  disappointment for the Know-Nothings.
• Government aid to build a Pacific RR for the
  Northwest.
• Internal improvements for the West at federal
  expense.
• Free homesteads for the public domain for
  farmers.

26
1860 Election Results
27
continued Conflicts Lead to Secession

• Southern Secession
• 7 states secede after Lincolns victory form
  Confederacy in 1861
• Former senator Jefferson Davis elected president
  of Confederacy

NEXT
28
Northern View of Jefferson Davis
29
Secession! SC? Dec. 20, 1860
30
Shortly after the nations Southern states secede
from the Union, war begins between the North and
South.
NEXT
31
The Civil War Begins
Union and Confederate Forces Clash

• Southern States Take Sides
• 1861, Fort Sumter in Charleston falls Lincoln
  calls for volunteers
• 4 more slave states join Confederacy
• Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri remain in
  Union

• Strengths and Strategies
• Northern strengths more people, factories, food
  production
• Southern strengths cotton, good generals,
  motivated soldiers
• Union plan blockade ports, split South in two,
  capture Richmond Anaconda

Continued . . .
NEXT
32
Resources North and South
33
continued Union and Confederate Forces Clash

• The War for the Capitals
• Robert E. Lee takes command of Confederate Army
  in 1862
• - drives General George McClellan from Richmond
• - loses at Antietam, bloodiest one-day battle
• McClellan removed from command, lets battered
  Confederates withdraw

NEXT
34
The Politics of War
Britain Remains Neutral Britain does not need
cotton, does need Northern goods
Proclaiming Emancipation Emancipation
Proclamation empowers army to free Confederate
slaves Gives soldiers moral purpose compromise
no longer possible
Both Sides Face Political Dissent Lincoln,
Davis suspend habeas corpus to suppress
disloyalty, dissent
NEXT
35
Southern View of Emancipation
36
Life During Wartime
War Leads to Social Upheaval Casualties,
desertions lead to conscription on both
sides Conscriptiondraft that forces men to
enlist leads to draft riots
African Americans Fight for Freedom African
Americans are 1 of Norths population, 10 of
army Serve in separate regiments, paid less
than whites for most of war
Soldiers Suffer on Both Sides Soldiers often
sick from camp filth, limited diet, poor medical
care Prisons overcrowded, unsanitary many die
of malnutrition, disease
Continued . . .
NEXT
37
Holocaust vs. Andersonville
38
continued Life During Wartime

• Women Work to Improve Conditions
• Thousands of women serve as nurses for both
  sides
• Union nurse Clara Barton later founds American
  Red Cross

• The War Affects Regional Economies
• Confederacy faces food shortage, increased
  prices, inflation
• Union armys need for supplies supports Northern
  industry
• Norths standard of living declines
• Congress enacts income tax (percentage of income)
  to pay for war

NEXT
39
After four years of bloody fighting, the Union
wears down the Confederacy and wins the war.
NEXT
40
The North Takes Charge
The Tide Turns

• Southern Victories
• December 1862, Fredericksburg May 1863,
  Chancellorsville

• The Battle of Gettysburg
• North wins decisive three-day battle of
  Gettysburg, July 1863
• Total casualties were more than 30 South
  demoralized

• The Gettysburg Address
• Nov. 1863, Lincoln gives Gettysburg Address at
  cemetery dedication
• Speech helps country realize it is a unified
  nation

Continued . . .
NEXT
41
continued The Tide Turns

• Grant Wins at Vicksburg
• May-July 1863, Grant sieges Vicksburg after
  unsuccessful attacks

NEXT
42
The Confederacy Wears Down

• Confederates Seek Peace
• Confederacy no longer able to attack works
  toward armistice
• Southern newspapers, legislators, public call
  for peace

• Total War
• Lincoln appoints Grant commander of all Union
  Armies (1864)
• Grant appoints William Tecumseh Sherman as
  Western commander
• Grant, Sherman wage total war to destroy Souths
  will to fight
• Grants strategy to decimate Lees army while
  Sherman raids Georgia

Continued . . .
NEXT
43
continued The Confederacy Wears Down

• Shermans March
• Spring 1864, Sherman creates a path of
  destruction through Georgia

• The Election of 1864
• Lincolns unexpected reelection helped by
  Shermans victories

• The Surrender at Appomatox
• April 1865, Grant, Lee sign surrender at
  Appomatox Court House
• Within a month, all remaining Confederate
  resistance collapses

NEXT
44
The War Changes the Nation

• Human Cost of the War
• Approximately 360,000 Union and 260,000
  Confederate soldiers die

NEXT
45
(No Transcript)
46
(No Transcript)
47
The War Changes the Nation, contd.

• Political and Economic Changes
• Civil War increases power, authority of federal
  government
• Southern economy shattered industry, farmlands
  destroyed

• A Revolution in Warfare
• Developments in military technology make fighting
  more deadly
• Ironclad ships change naval warfare

NEXT
48
The War Changes Lives
The Thirteenth Amendment Thirteenth Amendment
bans slavery in all states

• Lincoln Is Assassinated
• April 14, 1865, Lincoln is shot at Fords Theater
• Assassin John Wilkes Booth escapes, trapped by
  Union cavalry, shot
• 7 million people pay respects to Lincolns
  funeral train

NEXT
49
Abe Lincolns Death Mask
50
After the Civil War, the nation embarks on a
period known as Reconstruction, during which
attempts are made to readmit the South to the
Union.
NEXT
51
Reconstruction and Its Effects
The Politics of Reconstruction
Building a New South Freedmens Bureau provides
social services, medical care, education
Continued . . .
NEXT
52
Freedmans Bureau
Freedmens Bureau Seen Through Southern Eyes
Plenty to eat and nothing to do.
53
Freedmans Bureau School
54
continued The Politics of Reconstruction
Building a New South, contd. ReconstructionU.S
. rebuilds, readmits South into Union
(18651877) Lincolns Plan State readmitted if
10 of 1860 voters swear allegiance to Union
Radical Republicans consider plan too
lenient - want to destroy political power of
former slaveholders - want full citizenship and
suffrage for African Americans
Continued . . .
NEXT
55
continued The Politics of Reconstruction
Johnsons Plan for Reconstruction Andrew
Johnson, Lincolns successor, forms own plan
(also a white supremacist) Excludes Confederate
leaders, wealthy landowners Congress rejects
new Southern governments, congressmen
Congressional Reconstruction Congress passes
Civil Rights Act, Freedmens Bureau Act
(1866) Fourteenth Amendment grants full
citizenship to African Americans Reconstruction
Act of 1867 divides Confederacy into districts
Continued . . .
NEXT
56
continued The Politics of Reconstruction
Johnson Impeached House impeaches for blocking
Reconstruction Senate does not convict
U. S. Grant Elected Grant elected president in
1868 wins 9 of 10 African-American
votes Fifteenth Amendment protects voting
rights of African Americans
NEXT
57
Reconstructing Society
Conditions in the Postwar South By 1870, all
former Confederate states have rejoined
Union Republican governments begin public works
programs, social services
Continued . . .
NEXT
58
continued Reconstructing Society
Politics in the Postwar South Scalawagsfarmers
who joined Republicans, want to improve
position CarpetbaggersNorthern Republicans,
moved to the South after the war Many Southern
whites reject higher status, equal rights for
blacks
NEXT
59
continued Reconstructing Society
Former Slaves Improve Their Lives Freedmen
found own churches ministers become community
leaders Republican governments, church groups
found schools, universities Thousands move to
reunite with family, find jobs
African Americans in Reconstruction Few black
officeholders
Sharecropping and Tenant Farming Sharecroppingt
o farm land owned by another, keep only part of
crops Tenant farmers rent land from owner
Black Codes Local officials apprehend
unemployed black, fine them for vagrancy, and
hire them out to private employers to satisfy the
fine.
NEXT
60
Sharecropping
61
The Collapse of Reconstruction
The Collapse of Reconstruction Ku Klux
Klansouthern vigilante group, wants to -
destroy Republicans, aid planter class, repress
African Americans - to achieve goals, KKK kills
thousand of men, women, children
Continued . . .
NEXT
62
The Invisible Empire of the South

63
(No Transcript)
64
continued The Collapse of Reconstruction
The Collapse of Reconstruction Enforcement
Acts of 1870, 1871 uphold federal power in South
(ALSO KNOWN AS KKK ACT) In 1872, Amnesty Act
passes, Freedmens Bureau expires

• Support for Reconstruction Fades
• Republicans splinter panic of 1873 distracts
  Norths attention
• Supreme Court rules against Radical Republican
  changes

• Reconstruction a Failure?
• President Johnson white supremacist
  disbands the Freedmans Bureau
• Conservative Congress REVENGE on the South
• Conservative Supreme Court Civil Rights Act of
  1875 declared unconstitutional

NEXT
65
continued The Collapse of Reconstruction

• Democrats Redeem the South
• Democrats regain control as 1876 election deal
  ends Reconstruction
• Compromise of 1877what was it?

NEXT
66
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

• Court ruled 7-1 separate train cars for Blacks
  and Whites were legal
• Began legal segregation and the Jim Crow laws
  spread to other facilities
• Made Blacks second class citizens in the South

67
W.E.B. Du Bois

• W.E.B. Du Bois 1895 First African American to
  receive a doctorate from Harvard.
• Encouraged the top 10 of the African-American
  community to engage in liberal education and
  immerse themselves in mainstream American life in
  hope of inclusion.
• Need to have well-educated leaders in the black
  community.
• ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL
• Co-founder of the NAACP!!!

68
Booker T. Washington

• Booker T. Washington
• Born a slave in Virginia
• Graduated from Hampton Institute
• Sought to have African-Americans acquire useful
  labor skills and, instead, prove their economic
  worth.
• This, he believed, would end racism.

69
Booker T. Washington, contd.

• Founded Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute,
  which aimed to enable black graduates to teach
  and to do
• Agricultural work
• Domestic work
• Mechanical work
• No race can prosper till it learns that there is
  as much dignity in tilling a field as in writing
  a poem.