World Geography

1
World Geography
Chapter 3 The Worlds People
2
The Worlds People
Section I Understanding Culture
3
The Worlds People
Culture
The way of life people who share similar beliefs
and customs
Traits
Arts
Social groups
Language
History
Religion
Government
Daily life
Economy
4
Culture

• May answer lifes basic questions
• Cause conflict

Religion
Philosophies
5
Culture

• Unifying force that allows a culture to differ
  from others
• Cause conflict

Language

• Dialect
• Influences migration
• Lingua Franca

6
Culture

• A method to categorize groups

Social Groups

• Economic class rich, poor, and middle class
• Gender male or female
• Age 0 to 15, 15 to 64 , 64 to death
• Ethnic group ancestry, physical
  characteristics, language and religion

7
Culture

• Way people behave and act

Daily Life

• Eating what to how
• Clothing style and fashion
• Homes furniture, decoration and construction

8
Culture

• Events from our past which shape our attitudes
  and customs

History

• Farming techniques crop rotation and crop type
• Population urban and rural
• Language Christianity, Catholics, Puritans and
  Muslims
• Conflict American Revolution and Civil War

9
Culture

• Expression of people through actions and
  possessions

Art

• Movies
• Dance
• Music
• Painting and sculptures
• Architecture

10
Culture

• The method in which a country rules its people

Government
Representative
Democracy
Direct
Constitutional
Monarchy
Absolute
Dictatorship
11
Culture

• How people of a country/society earn a living

Economies
Work off the land
Primary
Secondary
Manufacturing
Tertiary
Services
12
Culture

• How cultures spreads from groups to groups or
  realms to realms

Diffusion
Hierarchal
Relocation

• What to be like Mike
• Learn from reading or watching

• A culture moves to a new location

Acculturation when an individual or group adopts
some of the traits of another culture
13
Diffusion

• Hierarchal
• Sports soccer, baseball, golf and football
• Entertainment music and movies
• Fashion clothing and perfumes
• Religion Muslim
• Customs women in the work place
• Goods television and internet

• Relocation
• Sports four square
• Fashion baggy pants
• Language Spanish and European
• Religion Jehovah witnesses
• Customs eating pizza on Tuesday
• Goods dirt bike or four wheelers

14
Diffusion
Television has diffused widely since the 1950s,
but some areas still have low numbers of TVs per
population.
15
Diffusion
The U.S. had two-thirds of the worlds internet
hosts in 2002. Diffusion of internet service is
likely to follow the pattern of TV diffusion, but
the rate of this diffusion may differ.
16
Culture

• An area where many people share common cultural
  traits

Culture Region

• Chinatown
• East side, North side
• Transitions zones along boundaries

17
Culture

• A group of people who share a common history,
  language, religion and even physical
  characteristics

Ethnicity

• Physical characteristics
• Asian, African, Hispanic and European

• Race identity with a group of people
  descended from a common ancestor.
• White, (black, African American or Negro), Asian
  Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean,
  Other race

18
Ethnicity
The highest percentages of African Americans are
in the rural South and in northern cities.
19
Ethnicity
The highest percentages of Hispanic Americans are
in the southwest and in northern cities.
20
Ethnicity
The highest percentages of Asian Americans are in
Hawaii and California.
21
Urban Ethnicity
African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Asian
Americans, and European Americans are clustered
in different areas of the city.
22
Ethnicity
The Soviet Union consisted of 15 republics that
included the countrys largest ethnic groups.
These all became independent countries in the
early 1990s.
23
Ethnicity
Christians, Sunni Muslims, Shiite Muslims, and
Druze are dominant in different areas of the
country.
24
Ethnicity
25
Ethnicity
26
Evolution of Culture
Moved with herds and weather
Nomadic
Agricultural revolution
Domestication of plants and Animals
Organized societies with governments, religions
practices and communication
Civilizations
Industrial Revolution
The use of machines for manufacturing
Civilizations
A more efficient society manufacturing, and
agricultural
Informational and Medical Revolutions
A more efficient society services andgovernment
27
The Worlds People
Section II Population
28
The Worlds People
Population
The number of people living within a country
Components
Population density
Non-natural means
Push factors
Pull factors
Natural means
Population distribution
Migration
29
Population Geography
Demography
An analysis of population distribution across the
globe

• Age, gender and religion
• Ethnicity, education and nationality

30
Population Geography
Population Density
The amount of people living in a specific area
(square mile)
Physiological Density
Non livable land
Agricultural Density
Arable land
31
Population Geography
Population Density
Physiological Density
Agricultural Density
32
Population Change

• The number of people on the globe

Population
Birth rates the number of children per year per
1000 people
Natural
Death rates the number people out of a 1000 who
die in a year
Migration people moving from on country to
another
Non-natural
Immigration a person who arrive in a new
country
33
The Demographic Transition Model
Describes population changes over time and/or
events
Theory analyzing changes in birth and death rates
Considers economic development (industrialization
and deindustrialization
Most developed countries are in stage 4, while a
majority of the developing countries are in stage
2 or 3, with no countries currently in stage 1
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Stage 5
34
Stage 1
8,000 BCE 1750 ACE
Pre-industrial societies
Hunting gathering

• High birth and death rates
• Based on food collection
• More food higher births, less food less births

Agricultural revolution

• Civilizations
• Based on food harvest
• Plus needed higher birth needed hands in the
  fields
• More food higher births, less food less births
• Conflict between civilizations

35
Stage 2
1750 1990s
2 Phases
1st phase

• Industrialization and agricultural (technology)
• Birth rates unchanged Death rates plummet
• Harvest more crops, transport them to the
  market place
• Manufacturing capabilities improve,
• Sanitation improvements,
• Healthcare, and education.

2nd Phase

• Medical Revolution
• Increase life expectancy
• Diffused slowly to developing countries

36
Stage 3
1990s 2000s
Information Revolution

• Social impacts
• Population growth slows
• Birth rates drop sharply Death rates decline
  much slower
• Social customs impacts mortality at birth
  families have more children in hopes many make it
  to adulthood
• Economical urbanization
• Transition from farms (rural) to cities (urban)
• Children help on farmers, hinder in urban life

37
Stage 4
2000s
Equality

• Social changes (female)
• Zero population growth, with some countries
  have a negative population growth
• Birth rates equal death rates
• Females dying during those child bearing years
• Social customs impacts
• females moving into the work force
• birth control methods
• increased salaries, recreational habits change
  vacations, eating out, etc

38
Stage 5
2000s
Tertiary

• Economic changes
• New concept
• A natural decrease in the population as birth
  rates have fallen below the death rate.
• Industrialization to de-industrialization

39
DTM
40
Migration

• Migration

Non-natural
Moving with in a country
Internal
Moving to another country
International
A situation that forces a person to leave their
country political or economical
Refugees
41
Migration
What causes the coming and going
Circumstance that cause people to leave their
country, state or city
Push factors
Circumstance that cause people to enter a new
country, state or city
Pull factors

• Most migrates move from developing to developed
  countries
• Asia and Middle America to North America
• Asia to Europe

42
Migration
43
Migration
44
Migration
45
Migration
46
Migration
47
Migration
Immigrates relocate from their entry point
similar to that of the pilgrims. Once they were
established earned money or developed a skill
they move away.
48
US Internal Migration

• Push / pull factors economical, educational
  and political

49
Urbanization
The movement to cities
Employment, education, other attractions
50
European International Migration
51
Southwest Asia International Migration
52
Migration
European political and economical problems
53
Migration
Civil War
54
Migration
Population increases in Southern and Western
Europe causing them to look for more space
55
Migration
Conflict In Europe
56
Migration
American Depression
57
Migration
American Medical, Educational, and employment
opportunities
58
Population Growth and Movement

• Agricultural
• food supply famine (lack of food to support
  life)
• agricultural space
• World Health Threat
• diseases aids, bird flu, H1N1, ecoli
• living within close proximity

59
The Undocumented Issue

• Undocumented Immigrate those persons who entry
  or remain in a country without proper
  documentation
• approximately half of undocumented immigrates
  are or were legal residences at one time, either
  as students or tourist. Who is responsible to
  make sure these persons return
• approximately half illegally cross the border
  with Mexico or Canada.
• Blame game
• the immigrant (think push and pull factors)
• business (they desire lower wages)
• society lack of motivation to work hard manual
  jobs
• government (entry point security and follow up
  the students and tourist)

60
The Worlds People
Section III World Economies
61
Governmental Meets Economics

• Privatization
• Economic freedom

Capitalism

• Government owns production and resources
• Government 1st , citizens 2nd

Communism

• Government owns and controls most production
  and resources
• Citizens 1st , Government 2nd
• High taxes to pay for all the goods
• Good healthcare, welfare, childcare, education

Socialism
62
Economic Systems

• Set the rules governing what goods and
  services to produce, how to produce, for whom

Economic Systems
63
Global Economies Merge

• Resources are not equal across the globe

World Trade

• Foreign goods brought into a country

Import
Export

• Selling of goods to a foreign nation

• Tariffs taxes
• Quotas a set limit

Barriers of Trade
Hurts the receiving countrys economy, as their
citizens are not working to make those goods
64
Global Economies Merge

• Removes trade restrictions, allows goods to
  move freely between countries

Free Trade

• Allows corporations to maximize profits labor
• Avoid taxes
• Lowers prices of goods

Positives
Negatives

• Loss of jobs
• The welfare economy suffers while the poorer
  economy benefits

65
Compare Nations Development
First World modern
Third World poor
Second World communism
Developed industrial
Developing subsistence

• High income
• High middle income
• Low middle income
• Low income

66
Developed
67
Developed
68
National Boundaries

• A landform dividing two (2) or more nations
• Mountains, ocean, desert

Physical

• Where two (2) cultures blear together near an
  established boarder
• Language and religion

Cultural
Transition zone

• In essence lines in the sand or on the global
  (usually parallels)

Geometric
69
The Worlds People
Section IV World Resources and Globalization
70
The Worlds People
Section IV Political Geography
71
The Earth as a Provider
The Earth provides the essential elements for
survival for the biosphere. These essential
elements are called resources
Natural Resource

• A product of the earth that people use to meet
  their needs

• Can replenish itself

Renewable
Non-renewable

• Can not replenish limited supple
• When its gone its gone

72
Renewable Resources
Non-living renewable natural resources include
soil, as well as hydroelectric, wind, geothermal,
and solar radiation.

• Wind power using the force of the wind to
  turn turbines to create electricity

• Water power harnesses the energy of moving or
  falling water. This is usually in the form of
  hydroelectricity from a dam

• Geothermal power using the earths energy
  (heat) to boil the water into steam, then harness
  that steam to create energy or warmth

73
Renewable Resources

• Solar power capturing and turning the Suns
  light into useable energy.

74
Types of Resources
Section V
75

• Soil is a large provider for biosphere, humans
  and animals, alike.
• Agriculture is the process of producing food
  by the systematic raising of plants and animals.

Section V
76
Keys to Agricultures

• Soil exhaustion crops draw certain nutrients
  out of the soil. If the If the same crops are
  planted year after year, a field may suffer
  nutrient loss.
• Crop rotation is the practice of growing a
  series of dissimilar types of crops in the same
  space in sequential seasons to avoid the buildup
  of pathogens and pests that often occurs when one
  species is continuously cropped. Crop rotation
  also seeks to balance the fertility demands of
  various crops to avoid excessive depletion of
  soil nutrients.
• Irrigation is the artificial replacement or
  supplementation of rainfall with water from
  another source in order to grow crops or plants.

Section V
77
Renewable Resources

• Solar power capturing and turning the Suns
  light into useable energy.

Section V
78
Renewable Resources

• Geothermal power is generated by mining the
  earth's heat. In areas with high temperature
  ground water at shallow depths, wells are drilled
  into natural fractures in basement rock or into
  permeable sedimentary rocks. Hot water or steam
  flows up through the wells either by pumping or
  through boiling (flashing) flow.

Section V
79
Non-Renewable Resources

• Fossil Fuels is a general term for buried
  combustible geologic deposits of organic
  materials, formed from decayed plants and animals
  that have been converted to crude oil, coal,
  natural gas, or heavy oils by exposure to heat
  and pressure in the earth's crust over hundreds
  of millions of years.

Section V
80
Non-Renewable Resources

• Nuclear power is the controlled use of nuclear
  reactions to release energy for work including
  propulsion, heat, and the generation of
  electricity. Very dangerous to the spheres
  environment.

Section V
81
Hazards of Using Resources

• Air pollution
• Acid rain
• Global warming (green house effect)
• Water pollution
• Reducing the good supply of fresh water, we only
  have so much
• Land pollution
• Land fills
• Fields ground water

Section V
82
Renewable vs. Non-renewable

• Renewable
• Can be remade
• Generally cleaner
• Independently produced
• Usually produces less power

• Non-renewable
• Limited supply
• When its gone it gone
• Encourages globalization
• Generally more hazardous
• Usually more power

Section V
83
Global impact

• Globalization is an umbrella term for a
  complex series of economic, social,
  technological, cultural and political changes
  seen as increasing interdependence, integration
  and interaction between people and companies in
  disparate locations.

Section V
84
Mother Earths Future

• Recycling - is the reprocessing of materials
  into new products. Recycling prevents useful
  material resources being wasted, reduces the
  consumption of raw materials and reduces energy
  usage, and hence greenhouse gas emissions,
  compared to virgin production. Recycling is a key
  concept of modern waste management and is the
  third component of the waste hierarchy.
• Recyclable materials (recyclates" or
  "recyclables) - may originate from a wide range
  of sources including the home and industry. They
  include glass, paper, aluminum, asphalt, iron,
  textiles and plastics. Biodegradable waste, such
  as food waste or garden waste, is also recyclable
  with the assistance of microorganisms through
  composting.

Section V
85
Mother Earths Future

• Benefits - One of the main benefits of recycling
  comes from reducing the amount of new material
  required. In theory, recycling allows a material
  to be continually reused for the same purpose,
  and in many cases this theory holds true, most
  notably in the recycling of metals and glass.
  Since less raw material is required, recycling
  creates further benefits for materials where cost
  of the initial extraction or production is
  higheither economically, socially or
  environmentally. The recycling of aluminum, for
  example, saves 95 of the CO2 emissionsan
  environmentally harmful greenhouse gascompared
  to refining new metal.

Section V