DRE Program in Kentucky

1
DRE Program in Kentucky
Darrell Cook, State Coordinator,
Drug Recognition Expert Program

2
History

• Dec 2000 Began gathering info about the DRE
  program.
  
• 2001 D. Cook and T. Mosser became certified
  DREs after training with LAPD.
  
• 2001-present various presentations made.
• 2004 Both DREs certified as DRE Instructors.

3
History

• 2005 Plans made for training in 2006.
• Feb 2006 First class, KVE, trained at DOCJT.
• Mar 2006 D.Cook/T.Mosser took first DRE class
  to Phoenix, AZ, for certification evals.
  
• Mar 2006 KY now has 15 certified DREs
• Currently hosting DRE Class 2.

4
Future of the Program

• Grant will fund two additional classes in 2006
  12 KSP Troopers and 12 local/county law
  enforcement personnel in needed areas.

5
12 Steps of the DRE Evaluation

• 1. Breath Alcohol Test
• 2. Interview of the Arresting Officer
• 3. Preliminary Examination and 1st pulse
• 4. Eye Examination
• 5. Divided Attention Psychophysical Tests
• 6. Vital Signs and 2nd pulse
• 7. Dark Room Examination (also checks nasal
  and oral cavities)

6
12 Steps (cont)

• 8. Examination for Muscle Tone
• 9. Check for Injection Sites and 3rd Pulse
• 10. Suspects Statement and Other Observations
• 11. Opinion of the Evaluator
• 12. Toxicological Examination

7
Central Nervous System Depressants

• Alcohol
• Barbiturates
• Rohypnol
• Muscle relaxants
• Valium/Xanax/Prozac/Librium
• GHB - Gama Hydroxy Butyrate
• Chloral hydrate (Noctec)

6
8
Central Nervous System Stimulants

• Cocaine
• Amphetamines
• Methamphetamine

7
9
Hallucinogens

• LSD
• Peyote
• MDMA (Ecstasy)
• Psilocybin (mushrooms)

8
10
Phencyclidine (PCP)and Its Analogs
9
11
Narcotic Analgesics

• Heroin
• Morphine
• Codeine
• Oxycontin
• Synthetic Opiates (e.g., Demerol, Methadone,
  Fentanyl)

10
12
Inhalants

• (e.g., Toluene)

11
13
Cannabis

• Marijuana
• Hashish
• Marinol
• Hash Oil

12
14
The Eye Examinations
17
15
Drugs That Will Enhance Nystagmus

• CNS Depressants
• PCP
• Inhalants

18
16
Drugs Causing Pupil Dilation

• CNS Stimulants
• Hallucinogens
• Cannabis

19A
17
Abuse Recognition Process

• Pupil Comparison

18
Narcotic Analgesics Usually Cause Pupil
Constriction
19B
19
Abuse Recognition Process

• Pupil Comparison

20
Central Nervous System Depressants

• Alcohol
• Rohypnol
• Valium/Xanax
• GHB - Gama Hydroxy Butyrate

22A
21
Indicators of CNS Depressants Influence
General Indicators
Eye Indicators

• Drunken behavior and appearance
• Uncoordinated
• Drowsy
• Sluggish
• Disoriented
• Thick, slurred speech

Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus Possibly Vertical Nysta
gmus Pupil size generally normal (but dilated by
Methaqualone and Soma)
22B
22
Central Nervous System Stimulants

• Cocaine
• Amphetamines
• Methamphetamine

23A
23
Indicators of CNS Stimulant Influence
General Indicators
Eye Indicators

• Restlessness, Excitation
• Talkative
• Euphoria
• Exaggerated Reflexes
• Anxiety
• Grinding Teeth
• Redness to Nasal Area
• Runny Nose
• Body Tremors

No Nystagmus Pupils will be noticeably dilated
23B
24
Meth User 1979
25
Meth User 1982
26
Meth User 1988
27
Hallucinogens

• LSD
• Peyote
• MDMA (Ecstasy)

24A
28
Indicators of Hallucinogen Abuse
General Indicators
Eye Indicators

• Hallucinations
• Dazed Appearance
• Disoriented, Uncoordinated
• Body Tremors
• Perspiring
• Paranoia
• Difficulty in Speech
• Nausea
• Piloerection (goose bumps)

No Nystagmus Pupils will be noticeably dilated
24C
29
Phencyclidine (PCP)and Its Analogs
25A
30
Indicators of PCP Influence
General Indicators
Eye Indicators

• Warm to the Touch
• Perspiring
• Blank Stare
• Repetitive Speech
• Incomplete Verbal Responses
• Confused
• Muscle Rigidity
• Possibly Violent and Combative

Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus often with Very Early
Onset
Pupils Size Generally Normal
25B
31
(No Transcript)
32
Narcotic Analgesics

• Heroin
• Morphine
• Codeine
• Oxycontin
• Synthetic Opiates (e.g., Demerol, Methadone,
  Fentanyl)

26A
33
Indicators of Narcotic Analgesics Influence
General Indicators
Eye Indicators

• On the Nod
• Droopy Eyelids
• Depressed Reflexes
• Dry Mouth
• Facial Itching
• Low, Raspy Speech
• Possible Puncture Marks, Tracks

No Nystagmus Pupils will be severely constricted
26C
34
Inhalants

• (e.g., Toluene)

27A
35
Indicators of Inhalant Influence
General Indicators
Eye Indicators

• Disorientation
• Slurred Speech
• Residue of Substance on Face, Hands, Clothing
• Confusion
• Possible Nausea

Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus usually will be
present Vertical Nystagmus may be present Pupil
size generally normal
27B
36
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37
Sealer has hardened
38
Note nail in nozzle
39
Cannabis

• Marijuana
• Hashish

28A
40
Indicators of Cannabis Influence
General Indicators
Eye Indicators

• Very bloodshot eyes, with pronounced veins in the
  eyeballs
  
• Body Tremors
• Odor of Marijuana
• Disoriented
• Relaxed Inhibitions
• Difficulty in Dividing Attention

No Nystagmus Pupil size usually will be dilated
- but may be normal
28B