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Welcome to Samantha S.sWeb-folio Learning
Tutorial
Unit I- Lifes Building Blocks
Unit II-Energy Matter for Life
Unit III-Continuity of Life
Unit IV-Interactions Interdependence
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Unit I-Site Map
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Topic 1-Simple Organisms
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Key Ideas-Topic 1
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Key Idea 1- Organisms Possess Many Similarities

• - All living organisms have DNA (genetic code for
  life)
• - All living organisms are made up of cells
• - They all perform the same basic life functions
  (nutrition, excretion, respiration, transport)
• - All living organisms are part of the food chain
• - All living organisms are part of a niche (role
  it plays in the environment)

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Key Idea 2-Simple Organisms lack a cellular
organization and can either be prokaryotic or
eukaryotic.

• Prokaryotic
• - Very primitive cell structure-lacks cell
  organelles
• Example- Kingdom Monerans (bacteria and blue
  green algae)

• Eukaryotic
• - Cells that have a nucleus with DNA inside and
  other cell organelles
• Ex. One celled organisms such as the paramecium,
  ameba (Kingdom Protista)

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Antibacterial Soap-Introduction

• In this lab experiment, you will be testing to
  see which hand soap works better. You will also
  be looking for different species of bacteria. You
  will also see which antibacterial soaps work. I
  suggest that you select two different
  antibacterial soaps that you like. Youll see
  which soap works better by putting dirt in a
  culture dish and observing how much bacteria
  grows over an eight day period. You put the dirt
  in the culture dish, because dirt has a lot of
  bacteria in it or you can use your hands.

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Lab InvestigationAntibacterial Soaps

• Do they really work?

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Applying the Scientific Inquiry Process
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Problem to Investigate

• Which antibacterial soap will work the best?
• Will the bacterial become resistant to the
  antibacterial soaps?
• How many populations will grow and compete?
• 
  Back to steps

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Background Information1-Research

• Research on Antibacterial Soaps
• - Bacteria can build a resistance to
  antibacterial soaps.
• - Bacteria can adapt to its surroundings.
• - Bacteria reproduce asexually.
• - Bacteria also reproduces fast and in clusters.
• - Bacteria are simple celled organisms.
  (prokaryotic)
• - Bacteria can be either pathogenic ( disease
  causing) or beneficial (good).

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Background Info2-Prior Experiments

• - In one of the previous experiments, bacteria
  grew the most in the culture dish that was the
  control.
• - Also, in a previous experiment, you could see
  competition between different species. This is an
  example of natural selection.
• - I also learned that in a certain amount of
  time, bacteria can die off if it doesnt get all
  of its nutrients. This means that bacteria can
  only live in a small environment before running
  out of nutrients it needs.
• - I also learned that the culture dishes with the
  waterless soap worked less that the regular soap.
• - I also learned that the amount of bacteria that
  grows depends on the temperature in the room. (If
  its warmer than more bacteria will grow, but if
  its cold less bacteria will grow.)
• Back to steps of the
  scientific inquiry process

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Hypothesis

• Based on background information I think that the
  pink soap will have more bacteria growing in it
  than the white soap.
• Also, I think that the bacteria in the culture
  dish with the pink soap will develop a resistance
  to the antibacterial soap.
• Now, whats your hypothesis?
• Back to steps

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Experimental Design

• Materials
• Procedures
• Controls Variables
• Safety Precaution- follow safety instructions
  given by teacher.
• Back to Steps

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Materials

• 3 culture dishes (made with jello and slim fast)
• Bacteria source (soil or your own hands. (I used
  soil.)
• Antibacterial Soaps (select two different soaps
  (I used white soap from the girls bathroom and
  the pink soap from the guys bathroom)
• Rubber bands
• Q-tips (cotton swabs)
• Labels
• Plastic Wrap
• Back to Experimental Design

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Procedures

• Make the culture dishes by following the
  directions on the JELLO package (you can also use
  Gelatine packages). Substitute juice for
  chocolate slim fast. Place bacteria in three
  different culture dishes. Bacteria can come from
  soil or your own hands. I you use soil- use a
  Q-tip to transfer the soil into the culture dish.
• Label one of the dishes the control. Place
  plastic wrap over it and use a rubber band to
  hold it in place. Set it aside.

• Put the two different soaps in the remaining two
  culture dishes ( one soap in each dish). Label
  each culture dish with the soap you used. (ex.
  Dial and Micrell).
• Place all three culture dishes in room
  temperature.
• Leave out for 7 days and record your observations
  each day in a data chart.
• Back to experimental design

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Controls Variables

• CONTROL
• Each culture dish had the same type of
  environment and nutrients to grow in and use.
• Source of bacteria. Each dish was filled the same
  soil, from the same plant. If you use your hands
  as the source of bacteria make sure that you use
  the same persons hands.
• Temperature

• VARIABLE(s)
• Two soaps
• Back to experimental design

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Data ObservationsTable 1 Surface Area
Population Growth
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Data ObservationsTable 2 of Species
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Data ObservationsTable 3Species Competition
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Conclusions-Graph 1 Surface Area Population Growth

• My hypothesis was correct.
• The pink hand soap seems to be more effective in
  killing bacteria.
• The growth of bacteria began on the second and
  third days.
• Some reasons on why they didnt start growing
  until these days are because the bacteria had to
  adapt and build a resistance to the antibacterial
  soaps.
• I think that the bacteria built a resistance to
  the antibacterial soaps, because after a few days
  I could see bacteria growing.
• Natural selection is when nature affects which
  organism will live. Antibiotic resistance is an
  example of natural selection, because if the
  bacteria can adapt to the soap, then it will
  survive.
• Natural selection is observed easily with
  bacteria, because bacteria reproduces asexually.
  Also, they reproduce quickly and in large clumps.
  
• Evolution is when organisms adapt and change to
  live in the environment around them.

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Conclusions 2- of species

• I observed anywhere from 2-3 species in each
  culture dish.
• Bacteria can reproduce so rapidly, because they
  reproduce asexually, which means that they only
  need one organism to reproduce.
• Sexual reproduction creates more of a variation,
  because there are genes being mixed with other
  genes, which cause more and new organisms to be
  produced.
• Genetic variation occurs in asexual reproduced
  organisms, when they have to adapt to their
  environment. This causes them to change.

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Conclusions 3- species competition

• There were 2 species that were present in the
  control culture dish.
• The species that was most abundant the first day
  that all species were observed were a black
  species.
• The species that were most abundant on the last
  day of observing them was the white species.
• I think that the white and black species competed
  to live in the environment around them. This is
  an example of natural selection.
• I predict that all populations will stop growing
  when theirs no more nutrients to live off of in
  the environment. When the nutrients are all used
  up, then the species will die off.

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Repeated Trials

• View similar experiments by returning to our
  student showcase.

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COMING SOON!!!Related Topics on Bacteria

• 5-Customizing Bacteria -Genetic Engineering
• 6-Bacteria in Animal Nutrition Digestion
• 7-Using Bacteria for Environmental Problems

• 1-The Process of
• Evolution
• 2-Unity Diversity A System for Classification
• 3-Bacteria
• Natural Selection
• 4-Ecological Significance of Bacteria

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Topic 1- The Process of Evolution
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Evolution Defined

• Evolution is when organisms change over a period
  of time. This theory was made up by Charles
  Darwin.
• Evolution is also the unifying theme. It offers
  an explanation to how the Earth became populated
  with millions of species.

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Competition

• This is when organisms fight to survive and get
  resources.
• Organisms need food and space in order to live
  longer.
• Competition can occur within a species or two
  different species.

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Genetic Variation
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Topic 2- Unity Diversity A System for
Classification
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Genus Species
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Kingdoms of Life
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Topic 3- Natural Selection
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NATURAL SELECTION DEFINED
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Examples of Natural Selection

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Key Ideas of Natural Selection

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Topic 4- Ecological Significance of Bacteria
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Recycling of Materials
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Bacteria as Decomposers
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Topic 5- Genetic Engineering of Bacteria
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Genetic Engineering
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Recombinant DNA
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Examples of Using Recombinant DNA to Customize
Bacteria

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Topic 6-Bacterias Role in Nutrition Digestion
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The Importance of Nutrition Digestion
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Bacterias Role in Nutrition Digestion
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Topic 7-Bacteria to Solve Environmental Problems
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Bio Remediation
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Uses of Bio-Remediation
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UNIT II ENERGY FOR LIFE

• COMING SOON!!

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UNIT III- Continuity of Life

• Coming Soon!

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Unit IV- Interactions Interdependence

• Coming Soon!