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JESUS AND THE FEASTS

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Title: JESUS AND THE FEASTS


1
JESUS AND THE FEASTS INTRODUCTION
  • Feasts, not Fasts
  • Minor Feasts
  • Major Feasts
  • Pilgrimage Feasts
  • Passover Pesah
  • Pentecost Shavout
  • Tabernacle Sukkot

2
JESUS AND THE FEASTS INTRODUCTION
  • Order of the Feasts
  • Circular Order
  • Passover Pesah (Unleavened Bread)
  • Pentecost Shavout
  • Trumpets Rosh Ha Shanah
  • Atonement Yom Kippur
  • Tabernacles Sukkot
  • Dedication Hanukkah
  • Lots Purim

3
JESUS AND THE FEASTS INTRODUCTION
  • Our Order
  • Pentecost - Shavout
  • Trumpets Rosh Ha Shanah
  • Atonement Yom Kippur
  • Lots Purim
  • Passover Pesah (Unleavened Bread)
  • Tabernacles Sukkot
  • Dedication Hanukkah
  • Format for our order
  • Background
  • Traditions
  • Major Themes
  • Jesus and the Feasts

4
PENTECOST THE FEAST OF WEEKS or FIRST FRUITS
TwcwbX (AKA SHAVUOT )
LEVITICUS 239-22
5
PENTECOST THE FEAST OF WEEKS
  • Feast commemorating the giving of the Torah
    on Mt. Sinai
  • Occurs 49 days (seven weeks) following the
    harvesting of the Omer (measure) the first of
    the new grain harvest therefore Pentecost marked
    the end of the grain harvest.
  • During this period a farmer would bring the
    first fruits of the harvest to the Temple
  • This is the experience with the Divine that
    is celebrated a belief that God cares about
    this world and expects us to strive to be good
    and just.
  • The harvest is a result of the work done,
    the blessings of God are a result of obedience to
    the Law.

6
PENTECOST THE FEAST OF WEEKS
SHAVUOT AS MARRIAGE
  • God is the groom and Israel is the bride
  • Pesah is the courtship, Shavuot is the marriage,
    and Sukkot is setting up house.
  • The tablet of Moses was the Ketubah (marriage
    contract) with Israel
  • Moses smashes the tablets rather than completing
    the marriage between the people and God
  • Thus keeping the people from committing adultery,
    having worshipped the gold calf.

7
PENTECOST THE FEAST OF WEEKS
TRADITIONS
  • Decorating the home with trees and flowers (the
    Tree of Life is symbolized).
  • Eating dairy products some eat with honey (for
    the Torah is like honey and milk Song of Songs
    411)
  • Reading of the book of Ruth (the harvest motif
    and the Moabitess following the Law)
  • Stay up all night the first night studying the
    Torah some believe that the Israelites at Sinai
    slept in the morning Moses returned so they stay
    up to atone for this sin. Others believe that
    this is the wedding day of God and therefore
    stay up to prepare the bride (Israel) for her
    Lord.

8
PENTECOST THE FEAST OF WEEKS
MAJOR THEMES
  • A completion of Passover. If we are liberated,
    we are liberated to what? Freedom does not lie
    in anarchy. By accepting the Covenant at Sinai
    we are set free from any other human authority
    and begin to serve God.
  • A harvest is the result of works and grace. It
    takes work, plowing, sowing, working the fields)
    alongside Gods goodness to bring about a
    harvest. Likewise it takes the receiving as well
    as the giving of the Law to bring the harvest of
    blessings of the Covenant.
  • No reenactment of the Sinai event (like Pesah or
    Sukkot) because the Revelation is a continuous
    event. Torah should be experienced every day.
    Our task is to hear anew each day.
  • The Torah is given at Sinai but through human
    elements (i.e. Moses). This heightens the
    mystery of the Divine in the life of the human.

9
PENTECOST THE FEAST OF WEEKS
JESUS AND THE FEAST OF WEEKS
  • Jesus celebrates Pentecost (John 5)
  • Jesus gives life (vs. 21)
  • The good will live, the evil will be condemned
    (vs.29)
  • Study of the Scripture3 should lead to Jesus and
    Life (vss. 39-40)
  • Connection with the Christian Pentecost (Acts
    21-4)
  • The followers of Jesus receive the Spirit, the
    Presence of the Divine
  • The harvest is ripe

10
THE FEAST OF TRUMPETS
  • HNaH XEaR
  • (AKA ROSH-HA-SHANA)

LEVITICUS 2323-25
11
THE FEAST OF TRUMPETS
  • FOUR JEWISH NEW YEARS
  • NISAN 1 The new year for Kings (date to
    determine years of rule). In the spring of the
    year. The secular new year. (Passover)
  • ELUL 1 The new year for tithing of animals
  • SHEVAT 15 The New Year for trees
  • TISHRI 1 The new year for years and marks the
    anniversary of the creation of the world. In the
    fall of the year The religious new year.
    (Rosh-ha-shana)

12
THE FEAST OF TRUMPETS
  • Rosh-ha-shana means head of the year - God
    created the world and continues to renew the
    creation
  • Recognition that God created humanity time to
    reflect on New Life, the importance of Life, and
    how we treat one another.
  • Time of introspection that ends with Yom Kippur
    the Day of Atonement. A period called the
    Days of Awe or High Holy Days
  • September 19, 2009

13
THE FEAST OF TRUMPETS
FESTIVAL OF CREATION
  • Communal study of Scripture
  • Sarah a symbol of Rosh ha Shanah
  • Jonah a study of repentance
  • Communal Blessing
  • Stand in circle- Hand to head
  • Blessing yevarekhekha Numbers 624-26
  • Communal Meal
  • Honey and fruit Blessing for a new year,
    fruitful and sweet
  • Challah Sabbath Bread made in a circle

14
THE FEAST OF TRUMPETS
THE SHOFAR (TRUMPET)
The shofar is blown Tekiah One long blast
Teruah Nine staccato blasts
(sobbing) Shevarim Three short
blasts (groaning) The formula Tekiah
teruah, tekiah, tekiah shevarim tekiah,
tekiah shevarim teruah tekiah
Shofar calls us to remember (commemorate) a
day of remembrance of sin and restitution, of
hope and remembrance Leviticus 2323
15
THE FEAST OF TRUMPETS
The Greeting
May you be inscribed and sealed for a new year.
  • The inscription is your name written in the Book
    of Life.
  • The inscription is sealed on Yom Kippur (Day of
    Atonement)

Therefore there are ten days in which to repent
and secure your place in the Book of Life,
16
THE FEAST OF TRUMPETS
MAJOR THEMES
  • Gods Sovereignty Gods Control / Our lack of
    control (The Garden of Eden),
    Gods Image / Our responsibility
  • Remembrance - God remembers Noah, God
    remembers Israel in Egypt, We must remember
    other amid the flood
  • and reach out to save them
  • Sound The shofar opens the way to
    new communication (broken at the Tower
    of Babel)

17
THE FEAST OF TRUMPETS
Jesus and the Feast of Trumpets
  • In Christ, the believer is a new creation (2
    Corinthians 517-19)
  • Jesus said, I am the way, the truth, and the
    Life. (John 14)
  • The sounding of the shofar is a sign of the
    coming Messiah (Isaiah 2713, 1Thessalonians
    413-18)
  • The book of life (Rev. 2012)

18
YOM KIPPUR (DAY OF ATONEMENT)
Rwpk mwy
LEVITICUS 16
19
YOM KIPPUR (DAY OF ATONEMENT)
  • ENTRANCE TO THE HOLY OF HOLIES
  • The High Priest alone
  • Blood of the bull for his sin
  • Blood of the goat for the sin of the people
  • THE RELEASING OF THE SCAPEGOAT
  • The custom of Kapparot (atonements)
  • Most Rabbis prefer the understanding that there
    are two forms of atonement (sacrifice at the
    temple or transference and therefore they call
    all to personal sacrifice)

20
YOM KIPPUR (DAY OF ATONEMENT)
  • A DAY OF ABSTINENCE
  • Leviticus 2329-30
  • Five Prohibitions
  • No food - 25 hour fast
  • No bathing
  • No anointing of the body with oil
  • No wearing of leather shoes - barefoot
  • No sexual relations
  • A DAY OF REPENTANCE (TESHUVAH)
  • Having sought forgiveness of others during the
    days since Rosh-ha-shana
  • Now seeking Gods forgiveness and turning to a
    new way
  • Last chance before the sealing of the Book of Life

21
YOM KIPPUR (DAY OF ATONEMENT)
TRADITIONS
  • Day is spent in the synagogue seeking Gods
    forgiveness
  • Five Services
  • Starting with Kol Nidrei proclaims null and
    void vows and promises we may fail to fulfill in
    the coming year
  • Ends with the closing of the Gates
  • Scapegoat ritual
  • Rooster twirled around the head asking that the
    chicken be killed in your stead, then given to
    the poor
  • Today a handkerchief with money is twirled
  • Abstinence is observed Five prohibitions
  • Repent, Repent, Repent!! Last chance to be in
    the Book of Life

22
YOM KIPPUR (DAY OF ATONEMENT)
MAJOR THEMES
  • Sacrifice The Sacrifices made for atonement,
    seeking a restored relationship with God
    recognizing that we have sinned and our only hope
    is in the forgiveness of God.
  • Repentance (Teshuvah) Recognizing who we are
    and returning back to God, going back to the way
    we were to go forward in our relationship to God
    and others, examining all our relationships.
    (The story of Jonah)
  • Social Justice iniquity involves the
    deliberate wronging of others, especially the
    weak and defenseless (Mal. 3), the Al Khet is
    recited as a confession of communal sins.

23
YOM KIPPUR (DAY OF ATONEMENT)
JESUS AND THE DAY OF ATONEMENT
  • Jesus, our High Priest has entered the Holy of
    Holies to make atonement for us (Hebrews
    911-1425-28).
  • Jesus is greater than Jonah and yet many still
    refuse to repent and turn to Him (Luke 1130-32).
  • Jesus points to the connection between our
    relationship with Him and with others (Matthew
    2531ff).

24
PURIM The Feast of Lots
myrwp
THE BOOK OF ESTHER
25
PURIM The Feast of Lots
  • Celebrates the victory of Mordecai and
    Esther over Haman
  • Purim means lots and refers to the lots
    that Haman used to determine the date to kill the
    Jews
  • Rejoicing is not limited by any sense of
    sacredness
  • Every time the name of the villain is
    mentioned noise is made to drown out the name.
  • The work of God is done through humanity
    and behind the scenes

26
PURIM The Feast of Lots
TRADITIONS
  • Taanit Esther the Fast of Esther a three day
    fast before Purim to remember the three days the
    Jews fasted and prayed for Esther
  • The reading of the scroll of Esther often
    interrupted by jeers against the antagonist,
    parodies and songs.
  • Mishloah manot sending gifts of food to friends
    (Esther 922)
  • Mattanot le-euyonim giving gifts to the poor
    (Esther 922). Gifts shared with at least two
    poor people beyond regular charity giving
  • Sharing the half shekel the Temple tax is used
    in a symbolic way to help raise money for the
    poor
  • Seudah a late afternoon meal with family and
    friends
  • Purim Torah making fun of the traditions to
    remind them that they should not be self righteous

27
PURIM The Feast of Lots
MAJOR THEMES
  • Celebration is an important part of religious
    life. Purim is a time to let loose and truly
    CELEBRATE. The Talmud has a dictum that states
    that you should consume enough alcohol that you
    can not distinguish between cursed be Haman and
    Blessed be Mordecai
  • Purim shows how easy it is to change from
    Mordecai into Haman, from a crusader for justice
    into simply a crusader. By questioning the
    Torah, we avoid a self righteousness.
  • The mystical work of God through humanity. That
    God should decide to use humans to fulfill Gods
    will.

28
PURIM The Feast of Lots
JESUS AND THE FEAST OF PURIM
  • Jesus enjoyed the celebrations of life. (John
    21-11)
  • Jesus warns of self righteousness, constantly
    warning of those who try to look good on the
    outside but are rotten on the inside. (Matthew
    2327, Luke 1810-14)
  • Jesus is the ultimate work of God in humanity.
    (Isaiah 714)

29
PASSOVER THE FEAST OF UNLEAVENED BREAD
HSP (AKA PESAH)
LEVITICUS 234-8
30
PASSOVER THE FEAST OF UNLEAVENED BREAD
  • A Seven day feast to commemorate the Exodus
    from Egypt and a celebration of spring
  • A Seder (lit. order) meal is observed on
    the first evening of the Feast
  • The name Passover comes from the death
    angel passing over the houses of the Israelites
    while killing the first born of those houses with
    out the blood of the Lamb on the door posts.
  • The name unleavened bread comes from the
    bread that the Israelite took with them from
    Egypt. They left in haste and did not have time
    to allow the bread to rise. This bread (matzah)
    is a reminder of the liberation from Egypt

31
PASSOVER THE FEAST OF UNLEAVENED BREAD
TRADITIONS
  • The Seder meal to tell the story of liberation
  • The removal of the Hametz (leaven) a symbol of
    the removal of sin from our lives. This begins
    with a spring cleaning and the selling of the
    leaven. A search is made for any leaven left on
    the eve of Passover and is then destroyed by
    fire.
  • Fast of the Firstborn on the eve of Pesah to
    commemorate having been spared by the blood of
    the Lamb.
  • Matzot the eating of unleavened bread is
    continued throughout the Feast.

32
PASSOVER THE FEAST OF UNLEAVENED BREAD
MAJOR THEMES
  • Liberation from oppression. This is not just the
    story of the ancient Jews but it is the story
    throughout history of Gods setting people free.
    The removal of the Hametz reveals our personal
    liberation from our evil inclination and pride
  • Passover marks the beginning of Gods covenant
    with a people. Before God made covenant with
    individuals (i.e. Abram), now God makes covenant
    with a group of people (Ex. 67).
  • Passover looks forward to the future redemption
    of Gods people. God was faithful to Gods
    promise to those in bondage in Egypt, so God will
    be faithful to the promise of redemption yet to
    come.
  • Passover is a reenactment of the slavery and
    redemption that occurs each day in our lives.

33
PASSOVER THE FEAST OF UNLEAVENED BREAD
JESUS AND THE PASSOVER
  • Jesus removes the hametz from our lives
  • Jesus is the Matzah pierced and stripped
  • Jesus is the Lamb of God who takes away the Sin
    of the world.
  • Jesus is the Afikomen hidden and then revealed,
    crucified, buried and risen. (The middle matzah
    of the Unity the symbol of God, with Jesus the
    2nd person of the Godhead).
  • Jesus took the bread (Afikomen) and said, This
    is my body.
  • Jesus took the third cup the cup of Redemption
    and said, This is the new covenant in my blood.

34
SUKKOT THE FEAST OF TABERNACLES
Twkws (AKA SUKKOT)
LEVITICUS 2333-36, 39-43
35
SUKKOT THE FEAST OF TABERNACLES
  • A commemoration of the wandering of the Jews
    in the desert
  • A celebration of the ingathering of the
    harvest
  • Sukkot are built to remember living in
    temporary dwellings in the desert
  • Seven day celebration with a special
    celebration on the eighth day
  • Guests are invited to share in a meal at the
    sukkot
  • Four spices are shook to praise God for the
    bountiful harvest
  • Hoshana Rabbah (the Great Hosanna)
    celebrated on the last day of the feast brings a
    sevenfold praise to God.

36
SUKKOT THE FEAST OF TABERNACLES
THE SUKKOT
  • A temporary shelter built between Yom Kippur and
    Pentecost
  • It is to be treated as ones home during the
    feast
  • The roof is to be made of organic material and
    must be enough to provide shade but limited to
    allow one to see the moon and stars at night.
  • The sukkot are not to inhibit the celebration of
    joy during the feast

37
SUKKOT THE FEAST OF TABERNACLES
THE USHIZIN
  • Symbolic guests invited to the sukkah each day of
    the feast
  • The guest may vary from group to group
  • Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Moses, Aaron, and
    David
  • Sarah, Rachel, Rebecca, Leah, Miriam, Abigail,
    and Esther
  • The wandering and homelessness is to be
    represented by the ushizin (i.e. Abraham left his
    fathers house to go to Israel, the patriarchs
    wandered in Canaan, Jacob fled to Laban, Joseph
    was sold by his brothers, Moses fled Egypt, with
    Aaron led the people in the wilderness, David
    fled from Saul)

38
SUKKOT THE FEAST OF TABERNACLES
THE FOUR SPICES
  • From Leviticus 2340
  • The product of goodly trees an etrog (citron)
  • Branches of palm trees
  • boughs of leafy trees (myrtle)
  • willows of the brook
  • Symbolic of the rejoicing in the bountiful
    harvest
  • A procession is made around the synagogue with
    the leader reciting the days hymn that begins
    with hosha na (save us). Repeated seven time on
    the last day of the feast.

39
SUKKOT THE FEAST OF TABERNACLES
MAJOR THEMES
  • The Sukkot speak of the provision of God. For in
    the wilderness God provided everything for the
    people of Israel. We give thanks to God for
    though we are rebellious, God not only forgives
    but continues to provide for us.
  • The Sukkot also remind us that what we have is
    passing. The houses we dwell in we create to
    provide some form of security (in the end a false
    security). Everything we have could be gone
    tomorrow, we need to trust in the God we can see
    through the roof of our Sukkot.
  • Coming to the end of the agricultural year brings
    images of the end of our sojourn and of the
    coming Messiah.
  • We are called to sing Hosha-na together. Our
    praise should be communal for God is going to
    provide a place for Gods children

40
SUKKOT THE FEAST OF TABERNACLES
JESUS AND THE FEAST OF TABERNACLES
  • Jesus provides permanent shelter for us.
    (2 Corinthians 4, John 141-3)
  • Jesus is the living water that quenches our
    thirst for God. Jesus proclaims this on the
    greatest day of the Feast, the eighth day water
    is poured on the altar seven times. Isaiah 123
    is recited referring to the wells of salvation.
    (John 737)
  • Illustration of the Mercy of God during the
    Feast. Jesus offers mercy to the woman caught in
    Adultery. Though we walk away from God, Jesus
    offers us Mercy.
  • (John 8)

41
HANUKKAH FEAST OF DEDICATION
HKwNH
(AKA FESTIVAL OF LIGHTS)
NO SCRIPTURAL BASIS
42
HANUKKAH FEAST OF DEDICATION
Talmud asks, What is Hanaukah?
  • Eight day celebration of the Maccabean
    revolt
  • A festival of the dedication of the Temple
  • A celebration of the miracle of lights
  • AN EIGHT DAY CELEBRATION OF THE MACCABEAN REVOLT
  • Antiochus Epiphanes orders the Hellenization of
    his realm
  • Including idol worship and eating pork
  • Forbids possessing the Torah and circumcision
  • Refusal of Jews to comply leads to siege of
    Jerusalem and Temple
  • Mattathias Maccabee, rural priest kills a Jew
    about to compromise and worship an idol, this
    begins a revolt against Greece
  • Priest of Modiin a small village
  • Runs to the mountains with five sons to begin
    guerrilla warfare
  • Judah the Maccabee rescues Jerusalem, rededicates
    the temple, and reinstates the feast of
    Tabernacles
  • The smaller army
  • Superior in strategy and bravery

43
HANUKKAH FEAST OF DEDICATION
  • A FESTIVAL OF THE DEDICATION OF THE TEMPLE
  • A cleansing of the Temple took place upon the
    successful reclaiming of Jerusalem by Judah the
    Maccabee.
  • The return of hope in the coming Messiah (see
    Daniel) and the beginning of the Hasmonean Dynasty
  • A CELEBRATION OF THE MIRACLE OF LIGHTS
  • Dedication of the furniture in the Holy Place
  • Ark of Covenant, Table of Shewbread, Lampstand
  • Menorah of seven lamps
  • Consecrated oil enough for one day
  • Eight days required to consecrate more oil
  • They decided to light the menorah in faith
  • The Miracles of Miracles
  • There was enough oil for eight days
  • Hanukah is the festival of Lights

44
HANUKKAH FEAST OF DEDICATION
TRADITIONS
  • LIGHTING THE MENORAH
  • One candle for each day the lamps remained lit
  • Praised are you, Lord our God, Ruler of the
    universe, who has sanctified our lives through
    His commandments, commanding us to kindle the
    Hanukkah lights. Praised are you, Lord our God,
    Ruler of the universe, for giving us life, for
    sustaining us, and for helping us to reach this
    moment.
  • Placed in a public place (by the door or in a
    window)
  • Lit from left to right starting with the new
    candle

45
HANUKKAH FEAST OF DEDICATION
  • Gift giving
  • The Hanukkah gelt (money)
  • Expanded by American Jews to help children with
    the Christmas gift giving
  • PLAYING GAMES
  • A way to pass the long winter nights
  • Dreidel a four sided top
  • Nun Neither win or lose
  • Gimel take the whole pot
  • Heh take half the pot
  • Shin put one coin in the pot

46
HANUKKAH FEAST OF DEDICATION
  • Women and Hanukkah
  • Women are not to work through Hanukkah (or when
    the lamps are lit)
  • Two stories
  • Syrian governor insisted that the brides be given
    to him first on their wedding night. One woman
    ripped off her clothes following the wedding
    ceremony. Her brothers were ready to stone her
    when she noted they were more upset about her
    nakedness than what the Syrian governor would do
    to her. They then went and killed the governor.
    Thus the revolt started
  • Syrians were beseiging a Jewish city. A woman
    named Judith went to the Syrian camp, prepared a
    feast for the general, got him drunk and beheaded
    him. When the Syrians saw their general dead and
    the Jewish army carrying it toward them they fled.

47
HANUKKAH FEAST OF DEDICATION
MAJOR THEMES
  • THE MIRACLE OF LIGHT
  • The miracle of deep faith on the first day
  • Faith that the light would shine despite the lack
    of oil, that they would prevail in battle despite
    unlikely odds, that the light will grow despite
    the darkness of winter
  • Faith in God, not by might, not by power, but by
    My Spirit says the Lord
  • DEDICATION OF THE TEMPLE
  • A time of dedication and renewal
  • Our menorah has replaced the one in the Temple
  • We are the Levites and Priests, the generals and
    leaders in the battle

48
HANUKKAH FEAST OF DEDICATION
  • WHY HANUKKAH?
  • The light in our souls that burns for eternity
  • The light from the One that is all brightness
    reflects in us
  • Lighting the candles we are ready for the
    dedication of the temple/Gods dwelling place
  • This is Hanukkah

49
HANUKKAH FEAST OF DEDICATION
Jesus and the Feast of Dedication
  • Jesus precedes the Feast with the healing of the
    blind man (John 935-41). Followed by the
    confrontation at the Feast with those wanting Him
    to tell them plainly if He is the Christ (John
    1024). Jesus argues that He has shown them yet
    they try to stone Him.
  • Jesus is the Light of the World (John 95). He
    heals the blind man and dispels the darkness.
  • We can have light in our lives (John 812). If
    we walk in Jesus we will have the light of life
    (eternity).
  • We are the light of the world (Matthew 514).
    We should let our light shine before men that
    they may see your good works and praise your
    Father in heaven. (vs. 16)
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