Alkenes

1
??????
Alkenes
CnH2n or cyclo-CnH2n-2
Å,
1.076
1.330
116.6
121.7
2
??????????
ethene
???
ethylene
H2CCH2
propene
?????
H3C-HCCH2
propylene
H3C-CH2-HCCH2
1-butene
1-????
H3C-CHCH-CH3
2-butene
2-????
3
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
cis-2-butene
trans-2-butene
Z
E
4
????
Z-2-butene
E-2-butene
???
E-2-bromo-2-butene
Z-2-bromo-2-butene
5
??????
??"? ??? ??????? (????? ????? VDW)
?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????
m0
m2.95D
6
Cat.
DH-28.5 kcal mol-1
H2
Butane
Cat.
DH-27.4 kcal mol-1
H2
Butane
E ???? ???? ?-Z ?-1.1 ??"?
7
????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?"? ????? ?"?. ?????,
23
3
74
R1.987 cal mol-1 K-1, T298K
E/Z
?????
?????? ????? Kcal mol-1
0.7
0.0
1.9
8
????
?????????????? (E1 ?-E2). ???? ??? ?????? ??????
???????? ??????????.
EtOH H2CCHCH3 I
MeOH H2CC(CH3)2 Br
9
????? ??????? ?????? ??????
14
20
41
25
10
???? ?????
??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????????
?? ????? ????? ????

BEtO
71
29
B(Et)3C-O
11
89
11
????
???????? ?? ????? (??????, ?-H2SO4)
????? (??????)
????? ????? ????????
Na(K)Cl
Na(K)OH
Cl2
ClH2C-CH2Cl
HCl
H2CCHCl
PVC
12
??????
DH kcal mol-1
??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????
ClH2C-CH2Cl
-43.2
Cl2
H2
HBr
H2CCH2
H3C-CH3
-32.7
H3C-CH2Br
-19.0
cat.
O3
HOH
H3C-CH2OH
-10.9
H2CO
13
????????
H2

syn
meso
R,R (or S,S)
14
Br
Br
Br2
R,R (or S,S)
anti
meso
Br2
15
????? ???????????
Cl2 OH
Cl
OH
Cl2
Cl
????? ??? ? HX
16
????? ???????????
H
CH3-CH2X
X
HBr
-H
CH3-CH2OH
??? ??????????
??
17
??? ??????????
?????? ?? HX ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????
???? ??????? (??-X ????? ????)
????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????
3
1
????
18
????? ??????????????
d
d-
H2O2
(CH3)2HC-CH2OH
19
H2O2 ?? 2 OH
OH HBr ?? H2O Br
Br
Br
1
3
HBr
Br
Br
???? ?? ???? HBr ?????? ??-HCl ???? ???? ????????
??-HI ???? ?????? ????????
20
????????
??????????

mcba
???????
metachloroperbenzoic acid
metachloroperbenzoic acid
metachloroperbenzoic acid
metachloroperbenzoic acid
metachloroperbenzoic acid
mcpba
???? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????
21
????? ??????
NuH
HOH
-OH
-Nu
trans-diol
OH
Nu
????? ??????
H
?????? ??
OH
22
-H
?OH2
HOCH2CH2OH
?????? ?"? MO4.
OsO4, KMnO4
syn diol
23
??????????
?????????
Zn (Sn), HCl
NaBH4


?????? ?????????
?????
24
????? ????
CR2
?????????????
hn or D
CR2N2
????????? (???? RH)
????? ??????-????
????????
CH2I2 Zn
I-Zn-CH2I
-ZnI2