Objective

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Objective

• 4 draw conclusions make inferences about
  ideas and information based on grade-appropriate
  texts

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Analogies
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Thinking out of the Box
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• To solve an analogy you must think outside of
  the box.
• You have to think in a different way.

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Analogy questions are often described as _______
is to _________ as _______ is to
________________.
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An example of how an analogy question would
lookpuppy dog kitten ______it would
be read as puppy is to dog as kitten is to ?
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The answer is, of course, cat.
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To figure out the analogy you might think of
the relationship between puppy dog.

• A puppy is a young dog.

• They are the same, yet different.

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to complete the analogy

• Kitten is a small

• cat.

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This analogy showed a relationship between two
things.
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Other examples of analogies
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Parts to a whole

• In this type of analogy, a pair of words consists
  of a part and a whole.

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spoke wheel (part to the whole)

• A spoke

• is part of a wheel.

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Type and Category

• These analogies use pairs of words in which one
  word is a specific type in a general category.

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orange citrus

• An orange is a type

• of citrus fruit.

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degree of intensity

• These analogies test your ability to find small
  variations in the meanings among a pair of words.

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shower monsoon

• A shower monsoon

• are both rains, but a monsoon is much stronger.

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function

• These questions pair words that are related
  through function.

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hammer build

• A hammer is

• used to build things.

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manner

• This type of analogy describes the manner in
  which an action is accomplished.

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shamble walk

• Shamble means to walk

• in an awkward way.

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symbol or representation

• These analogies pair words in which one word is
  the symbol of the other.

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dove peace

• A dove is a symbol

• of peace.

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action significance

• In this type of analogy, one word describes an
  action and the other word indicates the
  significance of the action.

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cry sorrow

• To cry signifies

• sorrow.

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Lets try a few
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• Sherpa Tibet
• Massai ___________
• Bicycle
• Kenya
• desert
• Mountain

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answer is c. Kenya

• Even if you do not know the exact meaning of the
  words in the question you might be able to guess
  the correct answer.

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Even if you were unable to describe the
relationship between the words because they are
unfamiliar to you, you could probably see that
Kenya is the only country offered as a choice.
Seeing that Tibet, another country is the 2nd
half of the first pair, you can figure that a
country is necessary to complete the analogy.

• Massai are people of Kenya.

• Sherpa are people of Tibet.

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• Lets try another one

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• iron Fe
• silver _______________
• Na
• Cl
• Ag
• K

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answer is c. Ag

• Sometimes factual knowledge is necessary to
  answer an analogy question. Even if you are
  unfamiliar with the chemical symbols, as in this
  question, you can find them in the dictionary by
  looking under the heading elements.

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• Dont give up lets try another

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• About bout
• __________ mend
• Amend
• Near
• Tear
• Dismiss

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answer is a. amend

• In this case, the answer is amend because that is
  the word formed by adding a in front of mend.
  You will also find anagrams (words that use the
  same letters, but in a different arrangement) in
  analogy questions.

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• Try another???

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• Tardy ________
• Liberal generous
• What are you looking for in this example?

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• Liberal and generous are synonyms. To complete
  the analogy you would look for a synonym for
  tardy.
• Antonyms are often used in analogies, as well.

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• One more??

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• Warm hot
• ________ hilarious
• Humid
• Raucous
• Summer
• amusing

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answer is d. amusing

• To answer this one you need to figure out the
  relationship. This is an analogy of degrees. Warm
  is less intense than hot, therefore, what answer
  choice is something less intense than hilarious?

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• Some test takers will impulsively pick a
  (humid) because humid is related to the 1st word
  pair (warm hot), but it is not part of the
  analogy of degrees.

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• Other test takers will choose b (raucous)
  because they think that the word pair, warm
  hot, is a synonym pair.

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• Choosing c summer is a slightly different case.
  This is another way to show how the test taker
  might be distracted by a wrong answer choice. c
  might be selected because warm hot reminds the
  test taker of summer.

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• Remember to look at both pair of words and figure
  out the correct relationship.

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• For our practices you will always have the
  opportunity to use a dictionary to look up any
  words unfamiliar to you to help you to figure out
  the meaning or relationship between the words.

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Good Luck on