REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH TRENDS AND ISSUES CFH-PHC 6590-001

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REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH TRENDS AND ISSUES CFH-PHC
6590-001

• G. LOPEZ M.D

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A JOINT ENTERPRISE

• Student ceases to be a data bank in which
  deposits of knowledge are made by the teacher to
  become a participatory actor who responds to the
  challenges of each problematic situation

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DEFINITION

• Reproductive Health is a state of
  complete,physical,mental and social well-being
  and not merely the absence of disease or
  infirmity, in all matters related to the
  reproductive health system and to its functions
  and processes
• adopted by ICDP - Cairo 1994

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REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH

• Implies Ability to reproduce,to regulate their
  fertility,and to practice and enjoy sexual
  relationships
• That reproduction is carried to a successful
  outcome through infant and child
  survival,growth,and healthy development.
• That women can go safely through pregnancy and
  childbirth,that regulation of fertility can be
  achieved without health hazards and that people
  feel and are safe in having sex

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REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH GOALS (WHO Program)

• Experience healthy sexual development and
  maturation and have the capacity for equitable
  responsible relationships and sexual fulfillment
• Achieve their desired number of children safely
  and healthily,when and if they decide to have
  them

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REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH GOALS (WHO program)

• Avoid illness, disease and disability related to
  sexuality and reproduction and receive
  appropriate care when needed
• Be free from violence and other harmful
  practices related to sexuality and reproduction

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REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH LIFE STAGES

• BIRTH
• INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD
• ADOLESCENCE

• ADULTHOOD
• MATURE AGE (Post Menopause- Geriatrics)

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REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH LIFE RISKS

• BIRTH TRAUMA
• PELVIC FLOOR LESIONS(Prolapse-Incontinence)
• TUMORS (Breast-Cervix-Endometrium-Ovaries-Vagina)
• OSTEOPOROSIS-FRACTURES

• INFECTIONS
• RAPE AND ABUSE
• STDs/HIV/AIDS
• LEUKORRHEA
• MENSTRUAL DYSFUCTIONS
• ABORTION
• PREGNANCY

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REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH INTERVENTIONS AND PROGRAMS

• POPULATION IDENTIFICATION
• DETECTION OF RISK GROUPS
• PREVENTION Motivation,Promotion Education
• SEX EDUCATION

• EPIDEMIOLOGIC
• PSYCHOPROPHILACTIC (Lamaze)
• ONCOLOGIC CARE AND TREATMENT
• FOLLOW-UP ACCORDING TO LEVELS AND RISKS

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Reproductive health selected aspects (1990-1995)
WHO
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MATERNAL PRACTICES INFLUENCING CHILD SURVIVAL IN
REPRODUCTIVE LIFE STAGESPRECONCEPTION
1)Conception delaying actions postponement of
marriage-birth spacing-contraception-abstinence-br
east-feedingPREGNANCY 2)Specific preventive
practices to protect pregnancy,e.g. dietary
restrictions traditional practices modern
practices rituals prenatal care.3)Treatments
for sickness/complications-traditional-modern4)
Dietary practice an care- Food taboos5) Work
activities physical demands of work (energy)6)
Other behaviors smoking-use of drugs-etc
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MATERNAL PRACTICES INFLUENCING CHILD SURVIVAL IN
REPRODUCTIVE LIFE CYCLECHILDBIRTH 7) Place
selected for birth- Hygiene-Home-Health
Facility8) Attendant self/family-tba-qualifiedP
OST-NATAL 9) Breast-feeding practices-use of
colostrum-duration-partial breast-feeding-
pattern(demand,schedule,nighttime)10)
Supplementary feeding type/timing/amount of
foods offeredspecial foodsuse of bottle
feeding11)Dietary practices of motherfood
taboos/restrictions/supplements.
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MATERNAL PRACTICES (cont)12) Household hygienic
practices cleaningbeddingdiapersfood
preparation storagelatrine/toiletwater/soap
general environment.13) Specific prevention
practices traditional (taboosritualscircumcision
)-modern postpartum childcare (immunizations
vitaminscontraception)14) Sickness care
practices traditional ( food restrictions
medicinesrituals) modern.15) Activities (
work) of the mother time resuming household
work-Outside work care - Care of infant during
work (place of care home or work) Delegation of
care ( sibling/relative) unqualified or qualified
caretaker.
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SOME GLOBAL OVERVIEW DATABirth rate per 1000
population(1999) World 23-More developed
countries 11- Less developed countries 26-Less
developed countries excluding China292) Infant
Mortality rate (Infant deaths per 1000 live
births) (1999) World 57- More developed
countries 8- Less developed countries 62- Less
developed countries excluding China683)
Contraceptive use women in union
(1999)Prevalence rate all methods- World
58- More developed countries 72- Less developed
countries55- Less developed countries excluding
China44
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GLOBAL OVERVIEW DATA (Cont)Contraceptive use
modern methods(1999)World 51- More developed
Countries 59- Less developed countries 49- Less
developed countries excluding China 37Maternal
Mortality Ratio ( Per 1000 live births) (1992)
World 320 -More developed countries 9- Less
developed countries 350- Less developed
countries excluding China 410)Life time chance
of Maternal death according to region ( 1987)
Africa 1 in 21- Asia 1 in 54 - South America 1 in
73- Caribbean 1 in140- North America 1 in 6366-
Northern Europe 1 in 9850