Unit 1 Fundamental Particles

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Unit 1 Fundamental Particles
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Electrons (e-)

• Negatively charged
• Very small
• Orbit the atom
• 9.109  10-31 kg

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Protons (p)

• Positively charged
• Located in nucleus of atom
• Rather large, 1 a.m.u. or 1.67 10-27 kg

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Neutrons

• Neutrally charged
• Located in nucleus
• Rather large, 1 a.m.u. or 1.67 10-27 kg

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Atomic Number (Z)

• Number of protons
• Atomic Weight ?
• Neutrons Protons

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Try this

• Zn
• zinc
• p
• 30
• e-
• 30
• n0
• 35

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Try this

• Carbon-14 an isotope
• p
• 6
• e-
• 6
• n0
• 8

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Ions

• Charge particles
• One Na, K, O-2 or more atoms C2H3O2-

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Isotopes

• Different numbers of neutrons in the same species
  of atom

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Orbitals
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Orbital Shapes
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Try this

• How many electrons in each shell
• He
• Shell 1 2 Shell 2 0 Shell 3 0
• Be
• Shell 1 2 Shell 2 2 Shell 3 0
• Br
• Shell 1 2 Shell 2 8 Shell 3 18 Shell 4 7

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Dot Diagrams (outer e-)
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Try some Dot Diagrams

• Oxygen
• Nitrogen
• Phosphorous
• Carbon
• Hydrogen

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Bonding

• All chemical bonding is based on
• Electrostatic attraction between particles

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Covalent Bonding

• Shared electrons between atoms
• Dot diagrams help predict by drawing Lewis
  structures (lets draw methane, CH4, here)

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Ionic Bonding

• Electrons are fully transferred from one atom to
  another
• Full charges then interact
• Stronger than covalent bonds

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Write these formulas

• Potassium nitrate
• KNO3
• Sodium acetate
• NaC2H3O2
• Iron (III) carbonate
• Fe2(CO3)3

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Structural Formulae

• Use lines instead of dots to indicate covalent
  structures

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Try some Dot Diagrams
Bonds Can Form?

• Oxygen
• Nitrogen
• Phosphorous
• Carbon
• Hydrogen

5 BONDS!!!
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Try these

• C2H5OH
• (NH2)2CO
• First Synthesized in 1828 by Friedrich Wohler,
  the first organic molecule to be synthesized

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And Try These

• CH3CHNH2COOH
• NH2CH2COOH
• CH3CHNH2COCH2CH2CHOHCOH

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Try These

• H3PO4
• CH3COCH2COSH
• CH3CH2OPOOHOCH2CH2CHNH2OH