Advances in Genetics

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Advances in Genetics

• Mrs. Kerstetter
• General Science 7

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Dolly

• Dolly the sheep cloned
• 3 methods to develop organisms with certain
  traits
• Selective Breeding
• Cloning
• Genetic Engineering

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Selective Breeding

• Selecting organisms with the BEST traits to serve
  as parents for the next generation
• Over 5000 years ago, people in Mexico develop
  corn
• Focus on increasing value of plant/animal

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Selective Breeding

• Inbreeding
• crossing 2 individuals that have identical or
  similar sets of alleles
• ()can develop animals with super traits
• - like fast race horses
• (-) reduces chance of inheriting new allele
  combos
• (-) increase chance of genetic disorders

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Selective Breeding

• Hybridization
• Breeders cross 2 genetically different
  individuals
• Would like best traits from both parents
• ()best traits are usually beneficial
• -like corn that is resistant to disease
• (-) cant pick which alleles are passed

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Cloning

• Genetically identical to parent
• Cloning Plants
• -cuttings
• Cloning animals
• -replace nucleus of egg cell with nucleus of
  desired animal

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Genetic Engineering

• genes from one organism are transferred into the
  DNA of another organism
• -sometimes called gene splicing
• () can improve food crops, produce medicines,
  may cure genetic disorders

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Genetic Engineering

• Genetic Engineering in Bacteria
• insert DNA from other organisms into bacteria
• -Now, the bacteria and its offspring contain
  human gene
• -can be used to make proteins needed by the body

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Genetic Engineering

• Genetic Engineering in Other Organisms
• -insert genes into plants and other animals also
• Gene Therapy
• -to try to correct genetic disorders
• insert working copies of a gene into the cells
  of the person with the genetic disorder

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Genetic Engineering

• DNA Fingerprinting
• No 2 people, except identical twins have the same
  DNA
• enzymes cut the DNA into fragments, which are
  separated by size
• () everyones pattern of DNA bands is unique

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Human Genome Project

• all the DNA in the cell of a human
• Main Goal
• to ID the DNA sequence of
• every gene in the human genome
• () can lead to new treatments and discoveries in
  medicine and science