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Poisonous Plants

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Title: Poisonous Plants


1
Poisonous Plants
  • Ronald Smith, Ph.D.
  • Extension Horticulturist Turfgrass Specialist
  • Created by Andrea Carlson

2
Common Poisonous House Plants
http//envhort.ucdavis.edu/ce/king/PoisPlant/
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Common Poisonous House Plants
Dieffenbachia Dumb Cane
  • Caladium
  • Caladium

4
Common Poisonous House Plants
http//envhort.ucdavis.edu/ce/king/PoisPlant/
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Common Poisonous House Plants
Hedera spp. Ivy
Myrtus communis Myrtle
Euphorbia pulcherrima Poinsettia
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Common Poisonous House Plants
http//envhort.ucdavis.edu/ce/king/PoisPlant/
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Common Poisonous House Plants
Oxalis spp. Oxalis
Philodendron scandens Heart Leaf, Sweetheart
Plant
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Common Poisonous House Plants
http//envhort.ucdavis.edu/ce/king/PoisPlant/
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Common Poisonous House Plants
Spathiphyllum wallisii Peace Lily
10
Herbal Medicines
  • Herbal medicine is the use of drugs found in
    plants for prevention and cure of disease. Some
    are safe but others may produce harmful side
    effects.
  • FDA approval is not required for package or
    marketing claims.
  • Unlike approved drugs, herbs are almost entirely
    unregulated for safety, uniformity of contents,
    and contamination.
  • Herbal remedies may have other unlabeled
    medicines or materials mixed in with them.
  • Many herbal medicines are taken by drinking a
    tea. Avoid concentrating or over-steeping a tea
    remedy.
  • Herbal extracts, tablets, and powders are also
    used.

http//envhort.ucdavis.edu/ce/king/PoisPlant/
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Herbal Medicines
  • The correct dose of herbal products is often hard
    to determine.
  • When herbs are taken with a prescribed or
    over-the-counter drug, health problems may occur.
    It is wise to check with your doctor.
  • Because scientific studies have not been done on
    man herbs, pregnant women, breast feeding
    mothers, infants and young children should
    probably not use herbs. Older people with serious
    health conditions should also be careful about
    the use of herbs.
  • An herbal treatment that does not work, even if
    it won't hurt you, could delay getting necessary
    medical treatment.
  • A "natural" product from a plant is not
    necessarily better than the same chemical
    produced in a laboratory.
  • Some herbal products contain active ingredients
    that can produce unexpected side effects (for
    example, Saw palmetto contains estrogen, a female
    hormone).

http//envhort.ucdavis.edu/ce/king/PoisPlant/
12
Herbal Medicines
  • Examples of potentially harmful plant remedies

http//envhort.ucdavis.edu/ce/king/PoisPlant/
13
Harmful Herbal Medicines
Borago officinalis Borage
Mentha pulegium Pennyroyal
14
Mushrooms
  • Eating any mushrooms collected outdoors should be
    considered dangerous. Call the Poison Control
    Center even if you only think that someone has
    eaten one. Even after a serious poisoning,
    symptoms may not appear until many hours later.
    Do not wait until symptoms appear
  • Symptoms of severe mushroom poisoning can include
    intense vomiting and diarrhea and can lead to
    liver failure and death
  • Eating mushrooms collected outdoors can be very
    risky, because many poisonous mushrooms look and
    taste like ones that are safe to eat. There is no
    easy way to tell the difference between safe and
    unsafe mushrooms
  • Teach children never to touch or taste outdoor
    mushrooms

http//envhort.ucdavis.edu/ce/king/PoisPlant/
15
Ornamental plants reported to be toxic when
ingested by humans
http//envhort.ucdavis.edu/ce/king/PoisPlant/
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Ornamental plants reported to be toxic when
ingested by humans
Rhododendron spp. Azalea
Hippeastrum  spp. Amaryllis
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Ornamental plants reported to be toxic when
ingested by humans
http//envhort.ucdavis.edu/ce/king/PoisPlant/
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Ornamental plants reported to be toxic when
ingested by humans
Berberis spp. Barberry
Zante deschia spp. Calla Lily
19
Ornamental plants reported to be toxic when
ingested by humans
http//envhort.ucdavis.edu/ce/king/PoisPlant/
20
Ornamental plants reported to be toxic when
ingested by humans
Hedera Helix English Ivy
Clematis spp. Clematis
Colocasia esculenta Elephants Ear
Delphinium spp. Delphinium
21
Ornamental plants reported to be toxic when
ingested by humans
http//envhort.ucdavis.edu/ce/king/PoisPlant/
22
Ornamental plants reported to be toxic when
ingested by humans
Illex spp. Holly
Lonicera japonica, L.sempervirens Japanese
Trumpet Honeysuckle
23
Ornamental plants reported to be toxic when
ingested by humans
http//envhort.ucdavis.edu/ce/king/PoisPlant/
24
Ornamental plants reported to be toxic when
ingested by humans
Impatiens spp. Impatiens
Iris spp. Iris
Lantana spp. Lantana
Hydrangea quercifolia, H.macrophylla
H.arborescens Smooth Hydrangea,
Oakleaf Hydrangea, Bigleaf Hydrangea
25
Ornamental plants reported to be toxic when
ingested by humans
http//envhort.ucdavis.edu/ce/king/PoisPlant/
26
Ornamental plants reported to be toxic when
ingested by humans
Impomoea spp. Morning glory
Nerium oleander Oleander
27
Ornamental plants reported to be toxic when
ingested by humans
http//envhort.ucdavis.edu/ce/king/PoisPlant/
28
Ornamental plants reported to be toxic when
ingested by humans
Campsis radicans Trumpet Vine
Wisteria spp. Wisteria
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Preventing Poisoning Exposures
  • If you have small children or curious pets,
    consider removing toxic plants from your garden
    and house.
  • Before buying a plant, have the store tell you
    the name of the plant and label it with both the
    common and botanical name.
  • Show grandparents and baby sitters where the
    plant label is. It is very hard for Poison
    Specialists to identify plants from a description
    given on the phone. Know the names of your plants
    before a poisoning happens.
  • House plants should be placed out of the reach of
    the very young.
  • Store labeled bulbs and seeds safely away from
    children and pets. Avoid confusing bulbs with
    onions you can eat.
  • Use protective gloves and clothing when handling
    plants that may be irritating to the skin. Wash
    clothes afterwards.

http//envhort.ucdavis.edu/ce/king/PoisPlant/
30
Preventing Poisoning Exposures
  • Do not eat plants or mushrooms collected
    outdoors, unless you are certain that they are
    safe.
  • Teach children not to put any part of a plant in
    the mouth. This means leaves, stems, bark, seeds,
    nuts, berries and bulbs.
  • Do not allow children to suck nectar from flowers
    or make "tea" from the leaves.
  • Never chew, or let children chew, on jewelry made
    from seeds or beans.
  • Throw away plant leaves and flowers in a safe way
    so that children and pets cannot get to them.
  • Smoke from fires made of twigs and other parts of
    poisonous plants, including poison oak, can
    irritate or harm the eyes, throat and other parts
    of the body.
  • As a general rule, plants toxic to humans are
    also toxic to pets.

http//envhort.ucdavis.edu/ce/king/PoisPlant/
31
Treatment of Exposure
Mouth Remove any remaining parts of the plant or
mushroom from victim's mouth and clean out the
mouth. Give a small amount of water. Skin Wash
any skin exposed to the plant with soap and cool
water as soon as possible. Eyes Flush eyes with
lukewarm water for 10-15 minutes. Be very gentle,
as vigorous or prolonged rinsing can hurt the
eyes.
http//envhort.ucdavis.edu/ce/king/PoisPlant/
32
Poison control
  • For nearest Poison Control
  • Hennepin Regional Poison Center
  • Hennepin County Medical Center
  • 1-800-222-1222
  • If vomiting is recommended by the Poison Control
    Center or your doctor, use only Syrup of Ipecac.
  • Do not use anything else, and do not put your
    finger in the throat to cause gagging, which can
    cause more injury.
  • If advised to take the person to the hospital,
    bring the plant or a piece of it along with the
    label.

33
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