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Aphasia Wernicke

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When speech is impaired or absent, the impact on the person and his ... most popular case ... the song and sing fires' (fire and sing songs) Broca's Aphasia ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Aphasia Wernicke


1
Aphasia Wernicke Broca
  • Annabell Göbel Mareen Kalmes
  • Katharina Kantz Daniel Lohner
  • Manuel Brachtendorf Tim Held

2
Overview
  • 1. What is Aphasia?
  • 2. Paul Broca
  • 3. Brocas Aphasia
  • 4. Carl Wernicke
  • 5. Partner Work
  • 6. Wernickes Aphasia
  • 7. Treatment of Aphasia
  • 8. Case Studies on Brocas Aphasia

3
The use of speech to communicate is unique to
humans. When speech is impaired or absent, the
impact on the person and his family is profound
4
  • One of the most heartbreaking and devastating
    disabilities is aphasia. Most people have not
    heard about aphasia, nor do they know the term
    until someone in their family or a friend
    acquires aphasia. 1
  • 1 NAA

5
What is Aphasia?
Language disorder
resulting from
6
damage to the brain
  • caused by
  • head traumas,
  • brain tumors,
  • brain infections,
  • stroke

7
http//www.hawdale-associates.co.uk/i/imgRightAndL
eftBrain.jpg
8
Aphasia can affect
  • production / comprehension of speech
  • ability to read / write

9
  • expressive language (what is said)
  • receptive language (what is understood)

10
Varieties of Aphasia
11
Broca's Aphasia
12
Paul Broca
  • many legacies which are important to medicine and
    psychology
  • Localised speech function in Broca's Area

13
Paul Broca
  • "Tan" or "Tan-Tan" most popular case
  • Tan could not produce a single word, only the
    syllable "Tan", due to a neurological problem
  • Largely on the basis of Leborgne's case, Broca
    postulated that expressive language function was
    located in the posterior left frontal lobe
    ("Broca's Area").

14
Photographs showing lateral views of the brains
of Leborgne (left) and Lelong (right). Broca
preserved the organs by immersing them in
alcohol he then donated them to the Musée
Dupuytren in Paris
15
Broca's Area
  • one of two speech centres
  • located on the lateral surface of left hemisphere
  • primarily involved in the production of speech
  • part of the motor cortex
  • controls muscels in the mouth
  • coresponds to Brodman's area 44 and 45

16
Broca's Aphasia
  • Also known as expressive aphasia, agrammatic
    aphasia, motor aphasia, verbal aphasia
  • The most common of the nonfluent aphasias
  • Caused by damage to to the anterior region of the
    brain

17
Broca's Aphasia
  • Yes... ah... Monday... er... Dad and Peter H...
    (his own name), and Dad.... er... hospital... and
    ah... Wednesday... Wednesday, nine o'clock... and
    oh... Thursday... ten o'clock, ah doctors...
    two... an' doctors... and er... teeth... yah.

18
Broca's Aphasia
  • Sufferers often have problem of agrammatism
  • Non-fluent
  • Effortful speech output
  • Telegraphic
  • Simple phrases "Dog eat" rather than "The dog is
    eating"
  • Utterances lack elaboration

19
Broca's Aphasia
  • Omit bound grammatical morphemes (morphology
    error)
  • Omit function words (prepositions, articles) more
    likely than nouns ("walk dog")
  • Tent to use nouns rather than verbs to describe
    actions
  • Comprehend simple statements, but may not
    understand grammatically complex sentences

20
Broca's Aphasia
  • "cookie jar fall over chair water empty
    ov ov Examiner "overflow" Yeah.

21
Broca's Aphasia
  • some patients can count from one to ten, but
    cannot produce the same numbers in ordinary
    conversation
  • Some patients may only be able to produce single
    word utterances
  • May have difficulties finding the right word when
    speaking

22
Broca's Aphasia
  • Word substitution errors, usually meaning based
    (finger for toe)or sound based (mushroom for
    mustache)
  • Movement errors (word and sound
    exchanges)e.g.1. "We'll sit around the song
    and sing fires" (fire and sing songs)

23
Broca's Aphasia
  • 2. "an anwage lacquisition device" ( a language
    acquisition device, "a" is replaced by "an"
  • 3. "Even the best team losts" (Even the best
    teams lost)

24
Broca's Aphasia
  • Syntactic deficite.g. Word order problem1.
    "The boy kisses the girl" ? a reversible
    sentence, often misorder2. "The boy kicks the
    rock" ? real world knowledge, rock cannot kick a
    boy

25
Broca's Aphasia
  • Comprehension is usually preserved
  • Patients are aware of language difficulties and
    may become frustrated and depressed
  • Better recovery of language function than in any
    of the other aphasia syndromes

26
Carl Wernicke
  • German physician,
  • anatomist, psychiatrist
  • and neuropathologist
  • 1848 in Tarnowitz, Poland
  • 1905 in Gräfenroda, Germany

27
  • Paul Broca had published his findings on language
    deficits
  • Wernicke began his own research into the effects
    of brain disease on speech and language
  • He noticed that not all language deficits were
    the result of damage to Broca's area

28
  • 1874
  • Der Aphasische Symptomencomplex
  • 1881/83
  • Lehrbuch der Gehirnkrankheiten

29
  • damage to the left posterior, superior part of
    the temporal lobe resulted in deficits in
    language comprehension
  • Wernickes Area / Aphasia

30
Wernicke's encephalopathy
  • not related to damage of the speech and language
    interpretation area named after Wernicke
  • syndrome characterized by loss of short-term
    memory
  • result of inadequate intake or absorption of
    thiamine (Vitamin B1) coupled with continued
    carbohydrate ingestion
  • most common cause of an onset is severe
    alcoholism, though there are several other causes
  • may progress to coma or even death if untreated
  • if treated early, recovery may be rapid and
    complete

31
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
  • combined manifestation of two disorders
  • - Korsakoff's Psychosis (confusion, amnesia)

  • - Wernicke's encephalopathy
  • manifestation of Vitamin B1 deficiency, or
    beri-beri (in the US, this is usually secondary
    to alcohol abuse)

32
Wernicke s Aphasia
33
fluent aphasia
  • connected speech with good intonation and
    pronunciation

but
34
  • Speech frequently includes errors

35
Your Task
  • Which kind of errors?

36
Group 1
  • You know that smoodle pinkered and that I want
    to get him round and take care of him like you
    want before."

37
Group 2
  • I felt worse because I can no longer keep in
    mind from the mind of the minds to keep me from
    mind and up to the ear which can be to find among
    ourselves.

38
lexical errors
  • irrelevant or nonsense words
  • word substitutions

39
syntactical errors
  • sentence structures do not follow correct
    grammatical patterns

40
utterances are
  • incorrect
  • and
  • lack informative purpose

41
Treatment of Aphasia
  • Suspicion of aphasia -gt tests
  • Speech-language pathologist -gt
  • comprehensive examinations
  • Sometimes recover without treatment ("spontaneous
    recovery)
  • Most cases language recovery is not as quick

42
  • Recovery takes approx. 2 years
  • Factors that influence the amount of improvement
    are
  • the cause of the brain damage
  • the area of the brain that was damaged
  • the extent of the brain injury
  • the age and health of the individual.

43
  • Aim to improve the patients ability to
    communicate by using the remaining abilities
  • Individual vs. group treatment
  • Individual treatment
  • Focus on the specific needs
  • Group treatment
  • Use new communication skills within the group
    (role-play)

44
Exercises
  • To create situations of normal life
  • To name objects, following directions, or
    answering questions
  • Patients practice their use of communication
    skills in real life situations
  • Last step Help to return to work or school

45
Family members are encouraged to
  • Simplify their language
  • Repeat the content words or write down key words
  • Include the person with aphasia in conversations
  • Encourage any type of communication
  • Help the individual become involved outside the
    home, e.g. stroke clubs
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