Total Navigation Solution GNSS Implementation

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Total Navigation SolutionGNSS Implementation

• International Air Transport Association
• Innovative Solutions International

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South African Development Community (SADC) GNSS
Implementation

• Apply Total Navigation Solution in Southern
  Africa
• -- 14 nations 26 airports
• -- Support Airline Operations Throughout
  Region Through Development of GNSS arrivals,
  LNAV/VNAV approaches, and departures at Selected
  Airports
• -- Provide Turnkey capability
• -- Kenya and Cape Verde were added midway
  through project
• --- 11 additional airports

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SADC Project

• IATA is the project sponsor coordinating
  activities through their offices in Montreal
• Project developed through
• SADC member states (CAAs)
• IATA member airlines
• ISI is delivering its Total Navigation Solution
  in partnership with IATA

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Operational Goals

• Increase Approach Availability
• Decrease Minima where possible
• Provide a Stable Arrival/Approach to Terminal
  Area Operations
• Provide Constant Rate of Descent Throughout
  Arrival and Approach
• Minimum Flight Time in Terminal Area
• Minimize Impact to ATC
• Provide Regulatory Framework to Enable Operations

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Total Navigation Solution- Philosophy -

• Project is divided into Modules
• Designed as a turnkey GNSS solution
• Consistent, reliable, and repeatable process with
  integrity
• Addresses all aspects of implementation from
  legislative infrastructure through to flight
  validation
• Flexibility for customization both in how and to
  what level of end state expertise

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Total Navigation Solution- Philosophy -

• Bring all stakeholders together
• Minimize capital outlay by customer, maximize
  return on investment
• Emphasis is placed on the end state operational
  capability being delivered to each stakeholder
• ICAO ANC endorsed the Modules for Global GNSS
  Implementation

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Procedure Design Workflow
Initial Data Sources NIMA DAFIF (Airspace,
Aerodrome Data, and current procedures) NIMA DTED
(Terrain data) NIMA DVOF (obstructions) Commercial
data resources (Airspace, Approaches,
obstructions) Commercially available data (Maps,
Charts and obstruction data) GIS Data Sources
(Roads, Topography, Hydrology, transportation,
political boundaries) IATA Airport Obstruction
Database (airfield obstructions) Digital Chart of
the World - DCW (terrain)
Project Geographic Information System database
designed
Design team collects background data
Design team builds sample procedures
Tools
PrecisionWare
ATC and user operational requirements gathered
with review and validation of sample procedures
Initial Site Visit by ISI team
GNSS briefings for CAA officials and GNSS
Procedure Design Training
Training
Coordination
Mapping/Charting and Geodetic data collection
with airfield and obstruction surveys
Criteria PANS-OPS TERPS National
Geographic Information System database refined
Geotranslation tools Database Management
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Work Flow (Contd)
Procedure Design Process (Airspace Evaluations,
Approach, Departure, and STAR Design)
SAFETY First !! Criteria Compliance Flight
Routes ATC and User Compliance Database Integrity
Simulator (Flyability, Data Continuity, 424
Coding Validation, Aircraft Performance)
Procedure Simulation and Quality Assurance
Process
ICAO Annex 4 Charts Developed and Navigation
Database Coding
Procedure Ready for Publication
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Total Navigation SolutionModules

• National/Regional GNSS legislation
• WGS-84 surveys
• LNAV/VNAV approaches
• Safety Analysis (if required)
• RNAV SIDs and STARs
• FMS coding
• RNAV based ATS airspace
• Chart development
• Flight verification
• Specific training to meet needs

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National GNSS Legislation

• Incorporate or reference relevant regulatory
  materials
• Compliance with international standards and
  recommended practices
• A generic legislative framework to cover all
  required aspects of allowing for the use of GNSS
  procedures while addressing specific
  national/regional requirements
• Consultation with key regulators and service
  providers at international (ICAO), regional (JAA)
  and national (FAA) levels

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WGS84 Survey Techniques

• Primary/secondary airport control points and
  runway surveys
• Surveys with two different techniques
• Surveys of obstacles on airport surface
• Surveys of obstacles in approach, missed
  approach, departure areas and radius around
  airport
• Conducted by experienced survey teams with ICAO
  compliant techniques

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GNSS/RNAV Approach Procedures

• Procedure development using PrecisionWare
  Designer
• Construction of complete procedures from initial
  segment through missed approach holding waypoints
• Precise evaluation of obstacles
• Local or NIMA terrain data for airports
• PANS-OPS or TERPS compliant

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GNSS/RNAV Approach Procedures
Step 1
Organize using
A Datum Conversation Tool
PrecisionWarei is a Suite of FOUR Tools that will
help Procedure Developers in the SURVEY,
DESIGN, SIMULATION, and VALIDATION of GNSS
procedures.
Step 2
Step 4
Develop using
Validate using
A Procedure Design Tool
A Flight Check Tool
Step 3
Verify using
An Approach Simulation Tool
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AMILCAR GPS APPROACH
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AMILCAR GPS APPROACH
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Safety Analysis

• Some airports will require a statistical safety
  case to ensure combined error budget will not
  exceed protection limits, e.g. Cape Town
• Safety analysis will provide basis for FAA/CAA
  approval, if waivers are required

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GNSS/RNAV SIDS and STARS

• SIDs using PANS-OPS criteria for each identified
  runway and developed to accommodate the broadest
  range of aircraft
• STARs providing a standard routing for aircraft
  entering busy terminal areas integrated into
  existing ATC structure as required
• Based on optimal criteria as identified in
  PANS-OPS Doc 8168-OPS/611 Volume II
• If required, exceptions or waivers to PANS-OPS
  criteria can be documented and coordinated with
  the appropriate authorities

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FMS Coding

• Interpretation by various FMCSs
• Ensure that our intent is clear
• An extract of the Terminal Area Procedure
  (SID/STAR and APPROACH) is coded in the form of
  the waypoint and path and terminator leg types as
  would be found in the full ARINC 424 database
  coding compatible with the data requirements of
  client FMCS

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ATS Airspace Design Structure

• Study of existing airspace structure
• Use of existing airspace structure and fixes to
  the extent possible
• Identification of optimal air traffic flow for
  safety and efficiency
• Efficient link between en route and terminal
  airspace
• GNSS provides optimum flexibility for terminal
  area airspace design

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ATS Airspace Design Structure
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Development and Publication of Charts

• Procedure verification chart
• Data verification
• Additional quality assurance review
• ICAO Annex 4 and Aeronautical Chart Manual 8697
  compliant camera ready chart
• Internationally accepted format

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Flight Verification

• Validation of survey, approach design, flight
  suitability
• Linked to design tools to provide a seamless
  electronic transition from Design and Simulation
  to Validation
• Carry-on package, 20cm tracking
• Simple user interface
• Completion of end-to-end audit trail
• Consistent with ICAO and FAA flight inspections
  requirements

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Flight Verification Validator
Airborne Unit
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Flight Verification Validator
Ground Unit Not Required for Most Approaches
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Cockpit View
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FAA Participation

• Provided Aircraft Support and Flight Inspection
  Expertise at Many Locations
• Installed Validator Directly on FAA Aircraft

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Flight Verification Chart
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Flight Verification Ground Track
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GNSS/RNAV Approach Procedures Simulation

• Computer-based procedure verification with
  PrecisionWare Simulator
• Software allows the evaluation of approach
  procedures to minimize costly flight inspection
  time
• Evaluate and verify obstacle, FTE, clearance
  areas and turning radii
• Simulate different aircraft types and different
  wind conditions
• Data useful for waivers and specials

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Training

• Workshops
• Tactical by design.
• Last from two to six weeks dependent on the
  desired end level of expertise.
• Cover the complete procedure development training
  for the front line working level of the air
  navigation service provider.
• Introduction to GNSS, PANS-OPS criteria, GNSS
  specific criteria, and approach design workshops.
• Aim is to introduce the participant to GNSS
  procedures and create a level of understanding
  to allow for review, approval and potential
  maintenance of GNSS procedures.

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Benefits Realized

• Safety
• 3-D Guidance for All Phases of Flight Inside
  Terminal Areas
• Increased Situational Awareness Through
  Continuous Access to Navigation Information
• -- Reduction in CFIT Accidents
• Efficiency
• Ability to Reduce Impact of Weather on Traffic
  Flow

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Quality Control Process

• QC for any individual module as a separate
  service
• Runway and obstacle data only handled once but
  validated throughout development process through
  use of PrecisionWare
• Flexibility for customer provided module(s) to be
  integrate into process

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SADC Project Summary

• Project initiated Jan 1, 2001
• 37 WGS-84 surveys completed
• 238 procedures designed and charted
• GNSS LNAV/VNAV approaches
• SIDs
• STARs
• Airspace redesign for 37 airports
• 3 2-week PANS OPS Design Courses
• 16 One Day GNSS courses (in each State)
• Flight validation for all procedures
• -- Rejection rate less than 2/10ths of 1
  of all procedures
• Created first Nation to have all IFR runway ends
  served by GNSS RNAV approaches Cape Verde

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Total Navigation Solution Summary

• Modular design
• Overall quality management plan covers each
  process as well as the total system
• Approach provides for maximum flexibility
• Modular implementation puts the process in
  digestible pieces for all stakeholders
• Customers choose the solution set which meets
  their requirements
• CAAs or other service providers who may be at
  various stages of implementation select what
  works from a menu of products
• Benefits accrue to clients within twelve to
  eighteen months of project inception

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Questions? Jeff CochranePh. 703-883-8088 Ext.
150E-mail Jcochrane_at_isicns.com
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Santo Dumont Airport Rio de Janeiro
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Aeroparque Jorge NewberryBuenos Aires