The World: Since 1945

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The WorldSince 1945

• Ch. 19

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Political Climate

• End of Colonial Empires
• Postwar- cant fund colonies loose control
• B/W 1950 and 1980 Asia and Africa demand and gain
  freedom (50 new nations in Africa alone)

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Global Impact

• The new nations during the Great Liberation
  became known as the developing world
• Around 90 new nations attempted the process of
  modernization- build a stable government and
  economy.

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What do you think..

• Write down three issues or problems these new
  countries may face in their attempt to Modernize.
  

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Cold War Global

• Superpowers- nations strong enough to influence
  the acts and policies of other nations.
• US and the Soviet Union
• Ideology-wants new countries to adapt their
  system of thought and belief
• Many nations choose not to ally with either side
  in hope of establishing their own identity

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Questions

• Why is it difficult for new nations to remain
  neutral?
• Is it possible to remain completely neutral in
  the growing global economy?

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Cold War Ends

• Ends with the collapse of the Soviet Union in
  1991. Why did it end?
• With the end many nations demanded greater
  independence to protect their culture and
  traditional beliefs. Religion was a major factor.

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The Globe

• Since 1945 there was a democratic movement.
• Many countries set up a form of democracy
• Leading to interdependence- the dependence of a
  country on goods, resources, and knowledge from
  other parts of the world.

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Questions

• What are three reasons interdependence increased
  after 1945?
• What are the positive and negative impacts of
  interdependence?

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UN

• United Nations was set up after WWII to settle
  disputes
• Helped with the decolonization
• Hold global summits conferences of leaders and
  experts from around the world

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Global Issues

• Deadly Weapons
• During Cold War much was done to slow arms race
• 1968 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty-stop the
  spread of nuclear weapons
• Many nations did not want to sign, why can some
  nations (US and Russia) have them but not others

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Human Rights

• 1948 UN members approved the Universal
  Declaration of Human Rights- all people entitled
  to basic freedoms
• What do you think they were?

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• No discrimination against race, color, sex,
  language, property, birth, or other status.
• Human rights are defined as the right to life,
  liberty, and security of person.
• As a result this tried to prevent torture,
  arbitrary arrest, and other methods of
  Discrimination.

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• By doing this what responsibility did the UN
  adopt?
• Why could this be a problem?
• Was it effective?

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Terrorism

• Since the 1960s terrorism has increased around
  the world
• Terrorism is the willful use of violence,
  especially against civilians, to achieve
  political goals.
• Typically in the form of bombings, kidnappings,
  airplane hijackings, shootings

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Intervention

• The questions is raised does the world community
  have a duty to step in and end abuses?

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• The UN has a mixed record in some cases they will
  and in others will not. Helped protect the Kurds
  in Iraq but did not help the Tutsis in Rwanda.
• In many cases the terrorism is handled by the
  nation involved as see with 9/11 2001 and the
  United States.

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Ch. 19

• Section 2
• Global Economic trends

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Global North and South

• If you divide the world in half above the
  equator the North is relatively rich and the
  South is relatively poor
• What are some reasons for this separation?

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Rich Nations

• Live in temperate zone
• Allows for diversity of food and goods
• Capitalist economies- free markets
• Most people are literate, earn a wage and have
  basic health services
• Although there are public services- education
  food and drug regs. Most items are established by
  the people

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Poor Nations

• The global south or the developing world
• 75 of worlds population and much of its natural
  resources
• Unlike the nations that industrialized before
  1900 newer nations have not had enough time to
  build up their capital and industry

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• Why has the south struggled to catch up to the
  north?
• Do you think they will be able to close the gap?
  Why or why not?
• How would you recommend they fix these problems?

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Read Dollarization 88
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Economic Interdependence

• The rich control much of the worlds capital,
  trade, and technology
• They depend on low-paid workers in developing
  states to produce goods cheap

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Two way street

• Multinational corporations invest in developing
  countries to protect their industry
• However, they are able to produce goods and sell
  them back to the nations at great profit
• Also able to set wages and stop workers strikes
  due to large population in south

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Can it change?

• Oil Crisis- 1973 Organization of Petroleum
  Exporting Countries (OPEC)-controls oil in middle
  east
• Cut off oil and drove prices up, making it
  difficult for industrial north to profit.
• How can this example be used to look at the world
  problems?

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Debt Crisis

• The debt owed by poor nations to the rich has
  been increasing as they have invested in the
  countries
• 1980s loans were given by banks in the north,
  when the economy rose, but economy has slowed and
  the interest rates rose causing economic problems
  for the south.

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• As a result the rich nations could not get all
  their money back slowing the world economy
• Basically a small problem in the rich areas leads
  to major issues in the poor
• Leads to privatization-selling off of state owned
  industries to private investors
• This allowed rich northerners to buy industry and
  set wages and prices further hurting the south

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Read Sweatshop Warriors90
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Obstacles to Development

• Geography
• Population and Poverty
• Economic Dependence
• Economic Policies
• Political Instability

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Geography

• Problems- Africa, Asia, Latin America
• Lack of natural resources, climate, rainfall,
  farmland, and disease

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Population and Poverty

• Better medicine and more food leads to population
  explosion
• The rapid population growth in developing
  countries moves faster than the economy
• - Why does this create a spiraling problem?

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Result

• Population up
• Jobs stay the same
• Poverty up
• No money to improve quality of life so either
  stays the same or goes down
• Is there anyway to fix this problem?

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Economic Dependence

• Developing nations sell raw materials to the west
• Rely on West for manufactured goods and
  investments
• Also many nations only have one cash crop- sugar,
  cocoa, or copper

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Economic Policies

• Many nations leaned towards socialism to
  modernize
• Modeled new govt after other nations than their
  colonial rulers
• As a result the governments were responsible for
  the development instead of private investment
• Big issue government is poor

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Political Instability

• Civil wars slow the development
• Military leaders spend most of the nations money
  on weapons instead of on education housing or
  health care

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Environment

• Population growth results in more waste no
  effective system to deal with it
• Saw some progress during the 50s but not until
  1970s did the world see environmentalist- people
  trained to study and research the impact of
  industrialization on the environment

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Results

• The continuous strip mining of oars, coal, oil
  had drained the earth and at the pace the world
  was consuming they would run out
• Chemical pesticides and fertilizers had polluted
  the soil and the food grown in it- Cancer

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Results continued

• Gases from power plants resulted in acid rain
• Global warming
• Some rich nations passed laws to improve
  conditions but other nations cant enforce laws so
  large nations outsource to those nations to cut
  costs

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Larry Rohter- Sugar in Brazil pg. 538
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Sec 3

• Life

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Urbanization

• As with most developing nations people flock to
  cities to find jobs
• Problem was many people had no money and could
  not find jobs- not enough factories- no govt
  investment
• Shantytowns developed

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Westernization

• During age of imperialism colonies were taught
  the western ideas were the best
• Resulted when nations gained independence they
  strived to be like the west

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Why is this not good?
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Read Cultural Globalization 89
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Mohandas Gandhi

• Felt the west was wrong b/c focused on gaining
  possessions
• Felt this undermines the community and family
• Felt you could modernize through technology
  without the desire for material goods

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Read From Jihad vs. McWorld pg. 522
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• FINISH SEC 3