Intelligence and Creativity

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Intelligence and Creativity

• 2nd November

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Definition of intelligence

• The ability to learn from experience
• The ability to adjust to the environment
• The ability to use metacognition

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History of intelligence testing

• Francis Galton differences in brain efficiency
  (1880)
• Binet a Simon Binets Mental Age Scale (1911)

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(No Transcript)
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William Stern intelligence quotient - IQ (1912)

• IQ MA/ChA x 100
• nowadays we use deviation IQ

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Normal distribution of scores on IQ tests.
A
34
34
13,5
13,5
2
2
C
B
Average 100
115
130
85
70
55
145
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The structure of intelligence

• Charles Spearman (1927)
• general factor g
• special factors s (e.g. arithmetic computing)
• Louis Thurstone (1938)
• 7 primary mental abilities
• Raymond Cattel (1971)
• 2 subfactors fluid and crystallized intelligence

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Intelligence tests

• The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
• The Wechsler Tests
• I-S-T Amthauers Intelligence Structure Test

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I-S-T 2000 R

• Basic module
• verbal intelligence
• numeric intelligence
• figural intelligence
• memory
• cognitive abilities

• Expanded module
• verbally coded knowledge
• numerically coded knowledge
• knowledge
• crystallized intelligence
• fluid intelligence

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The core of the intelligence?

• speed and accuracy of information processing
• ?neuronal speed? like reaction time
• neuronal efficiency
• during the solving of the hard task, more
  intelligent peoples brains utilize more glucose
  (easy task - less)
• mental operations like planning

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Howard Gardner (1999) Multidimensional
intelligence

• language ability
• mathematical-logical reasoning
• spatial-perceptual skills
• musical ability
• bodily ability
• intrapersonal ability
• interpersonal ability

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Culture fair tests

• Catells Culture Fair Intelligence Test
• Counterbalance General Intelligence Test
• no general success, agreement

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Race Differences ???

• Lynn, R. Race differences in Intelligence An
  Evolutionary Analysis. Washington Summit Books
  Augusta, 2005

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Race differences/ average IQ

• East Asians (Chinese, Japanese, Koreans) 105
• Europeans 100
• Inuit or Eskimos 91
• South East Asians 87
• Native American Indians 87
• Pacific Islanders 85
• South Asians and North Africans 84
• Sahara Africans 67
• Australian Aborigines 62
• Bushman of the Kalahari, Pygmies of the Congo
  rain forest 54

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Correlates with (reliability)

• achievement in math and science
• national economic development (rich and poor
  nations)
• explain how quickly populations made the
  Neolithic transition

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Causes of the race differences?

• 50 genetics
• consistency of racial IQ in different locations
• nutrition Black and Whites in America have the
  same height since the 1st world war
• Evolutionary analysis species have evolved
  greater intelligence in order to survive in more
  cognitively demanding environments cold weather

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Creativity

• the proces of creating of something which is
  original as well as valuable
• minimum IQ of 120? motivation!!! special
  abilities?

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Tests of creativity

• Urbanuv figurální test tvorivého mylení
• (Urbans figural test of creative thinking)
• Consequence test
• Remote Associate Test
• Unusual Uses Test
• Word Association Test