Macrophage

1
Macrophage
Bacterium
2
The macrophage engulfs the pathogen
3
and destroys it.
4
The macrophage then exhibits the antigens from
the destroyed bacterium
5
T lymphocyte with compatible receptors
6
The T lymphocyte binds on the pathogenic antigens
presented by the macrophage.
7
and divides by mitosis Cloning
8
Helper T cells
T lymphocytes then differentiate into various
types of T cells
Cytotoxic T cells ( Killer T cells)
Memory T cells
9
Infected cell
Cytotoxic T cells migrate to the infection site
10
Cytotoxic T cells bind on the infected cell and
release proteins (perforins).
11
. that destroy the infected cell by punching
holes into the cell membrane.
12
Memory T cells remain in lymph nodes and retain
the pathogenic antigen.
They can quickly recognise the antigen when
exposed to it a second time. They then clone and
differentiate. It the secondary response, faster
then the primary response
13
Helper T cells assist cloning of other
lymphocytes by releasing interleukins
14
Helper T cell presents pathogenic antigen to B
cell
Helper T cell
B Lymphocyte
15
B lymphocyte binds with T helper.
T helper secretes interleukins to activate B
lymphocyte
16
Clone of competent B cells is produced
17
B lymphocytes differentiate into 2 types of cells
Plasma cells, characterised by their extensive
Rough ER
Memory B cells
18
Plasma cells secrete specific antibodies
19
Light chain
An antibody is made of two light chains and 2
heavy chains
Heavy chain
20
Antibody
Agglutination Antibodies combine with antigens
on the surface of bacteria
Bacteria with antigen
21
Phagogocytosis Macrophages engulf the agglutinate
22
SUMMARY