BioEnergy and BioChemicals Development and the Potential Role of Forests

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BioEnergy and BioChemicals Development and the
Potential Role of Forests

• An Opportunity for Minnesota

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BioEnergy and BioChemicals Development and the
Potential Role of Forests

• Current energy trends.
• Bio-energy as an alternative to fossil fuels.
• Minnesotas bio-energy potential.
• Bio-energy in an integrated bio-economy.
• Public policy considerations in bio-energy/
• bio-chemicals development.

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Current Energy Trends
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U.S. energy consumption and imports are rising.
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US Energy Production, Consumption, and Imports,
1960 - 2030 (Quadrillion Btu)
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Net Imports
Consumption
30
Production
Source EIA, Annual Energy Outlook, 2006.
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U.S. Petroleum Supply, Consumption, and Imports,
1970-2030 (million barrels
per day)
Consumption
72
Net imports
60
Production
Source EIA Annual Energy Outlook, 2006.
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U.S. Natural Gas Production, Consumption, and Net
Imports, 1960-2030
(trillion cubic feet)
Net Imports
Consumption
21
16
Production
Source EIA, Annual Energy Outlook, 2006.
8
U.S. Trade Deficit, Energy Products, 1974 - 2006
Billion Dollars
Year
Source USDOE, Energy Information Administration,
2006.
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Global energy consumption is increasing rapidly.
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World Energy Consumption, 1970-2030
History
Projections
Quadrillion Btu
Source U.S. Department of Energy, EIA 2006.
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China Petroleum Net Imports,
1993-2030
Barrels/Day Year Average Daily
Imports 1990 Net exporter 1995
240,000 2006 (est.)
3,600,000 2030 (est.) 10,900,000
Source Energy Information Administration, 2006
and Congressional Budget Office, 2006.
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Peak production of petroleum globally is within
sight.
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World Petroleum Consumption 1800 -
2100
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Consensus is Emerging that Peak Petroleum
Production in in Sight
OECD International Energy
Agency 2010-2020 World Resources
Institute 2007-2014 J. Edwards, Colo. School
of Mines 2020 U.S.
Department of Energy 2037
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Different Interpretations of a Hypothetical
6,000 Billion Barrel World Original Oil-in-Place
Resource Base
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(No Transcript)
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Bio-Energy as an Alternative to Fossil Fuels
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Bio-Fuels Are Environmentally Attractive
CO2
O2
Plants
Sugars
CO2
Energy
No net CO2 produced in the cycle.
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There are also a number of potential sources of
bio-energy.
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Forms of Bio-Energy Resources

• Wood
• Pulping liquor
• Municipal solid waste
• Organic materials in wastewater
• Landfill gas
• Biomass

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Potential Sources of Biomass Energy

• Energy crops
• Agricultural crop residues
• Forest biomass
• Logging residues
• Thinnings
• Corn (ethanol)

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Potential supplies of biomass are much greater
than those now used for energy generation.
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A recent report from the U.S. Departments of
Agriculture and Energy suggests the annual
availability of over 1.3 billion dry tons of
biomass in the United States.
Source Perlack et al. (2005).
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Estimated Potential Biomass by Source United
States
Source Perlack et al. (2005).
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There are a number of options for utilizing
biomass as an energy source.
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BioMass Derived Fuels

• Ethanol
• Biodiesel
• Synthesis gas (syngas)
• Replacement for fossil fuels in electricity
  generation
• Pelletized fuels
• Source of steam generation for district heating
• Hydrogen

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Minnesotas Bio-Energy
Potential
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Renewable Energy Produced in Minnesota in
2005(values in billion Btu equivalents)
Firewood
Ethanol
Hydropower
Biodiesel
Derived from Jordan and Taff (2005), and for
firewood from Mouelle et. al. (2003).
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Profile of Renewable Electricity Production in
Minnesota, 2005
Wind
Non-renewable
Renewable
Biomass
Hydro
RDF
Non-renewables 50,100,000 MWh Renewables -
6,200,000 MWh
56,300,000 MWh
Other
Source Minnesota Department of Commerce (2005).
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Minnesota has significant opportunity for further
development of bio-energy.
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Biomass Resources in Minnesota by Three Studies
Source NREL (2005)
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Ethanol Production Potential
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Ethanol Production in the United States, 1980-2006
Source Renewable Fuels Association (2006).
(2006 est.)
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The corn ethanol industry in the U.S. reached a
production capacity of over 6 billion gallons
annually in 2006.
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Potential annual production of ethanol in the
U.S. is estimated at 50 billion gallons.
To put this in perspective,
gasoline consumption in the U.S. in 2006 was 140
billion gallons.
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Geographic Location of U.S. Ethanol Production
Facilities, 2006
Source Renewable Fuels Association,
2007. (http//www.ethanolrfa.org/objects/documents
/plantmap_040307.pdf)
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Ethanol Production and Consumption in Minnesota
1990-2006
Source Minnesota Department of Commerce (2007).
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Geographic Location of U.S. Biodiesel Production
Facilities, 2006
Source National Biodiesel Board,
2007. (http//www.biodiesel.org/buyingbiodiesel/pr
oducers_marketers/ProducersMap-Existing.pdf)
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Ethanol Production Potential from Minnesota
Biomass, Based on ONRL 1999 Study and NREL
Near-Term Conversion Factors
Walsh et al. 1999.
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Ethanol Production Potential from Minnesota
Biomass, Based on ONRL 1999 Study and NREL
Near-Term Conversion Factors
In 2006, Minnesota produced 550 million gallons
of ethanol from corn. Production nationwide was
6.0 billion gallons.
Walsh et al. 1999.
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Ethanol Production Potential from Minnesota
Biomass, Based on ONRL 1999 Study and NREL
Near-Term Conversion Factors
To put these numbers in perspective, gasoline
consumption in Minnesota in 2006 was 2.7 billion
gallons.
Walsh et al. 1999.
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Energy Required to Deliver 1,000,000 Btu to a
Vehicle Fuel Tank
Source Oregon Department of Energy, 2005.
(http//egov.oregon.gov/ENERGY/RENEW/Biomass/forum
.shtml)
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Energy Required to Deliver 1,000,000 Btu to a
Vehicle Fuel Tank
Source Oregon Department of Energy, 2005.
(http//egov.oregon.gov/ENERGY/RENEW/Biomass/forum
.shtml)
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Energy Required to Deliver 1,000,000 Btu to a
Vehicle Fuel Tank
Source Oregon Department of Energy, 2005.
(http//egov.oregon.gov/ENERGY/RENEW/Biomass/forum
.shtml)
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Electric Generating Potential
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Power Potential from Minnesota Biomass
To put these numbers in perspective, Minnesota
electricity capacity in 2005 was 56,300,000 MWh
Source NREL (2005)
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Potential Power Obtainable from Minnesotas
Plant-Based Bio-Resources, Based on ONRL 1999
Study and NREL Conversion Factors
Source National Renewable Energy Laboratory,
2004.
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Bio-Energy in an Integrated
Bio-Economy
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A singular focus on bio-energy might be a mistake.
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A Myriad of Chemicals are Derived from Petroleum
0.3 gal.
What is in a barrel of oil?
0.2 gal.
0.5 gal.
1.8 gal.
1.9 gal.
1.2 gal.
1.9 gal.
1.3 gal.
2.3 gal.
4.1 gal.
9.2 gal.
Source API. Totals more than 44 gals. Because
of processing gain.
19.5 gal.
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Bio-economy the Future is Now
Chemical and Material Demand 10 from Renewable
Resources by 2020 400 billion/year in products
(2 times current Forest Products) US DOE
Technology Roadmap for Plant/Crop based Renewable
Resources 2020, Renewable Vision, February 1999
www.oit.doe.gov/agriculture/
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A Vision of the BioEconomy in the Year 2020
Biorefinery Cluster of biobased industries
producing chemicals, fuels, power, products, and
materials.
Source NREL
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90 x 106 mt CO2
Purchased Energy (30 of energy needs - 2.0
billion)
O2
Pulpmill
Energy, Steam, Chemicals
BL Recovery Power Boiler
Black liquor, residuals
CO2
Energy, Steam, Chemicals
Current Chemical Paper Mill
Paper Manufacture
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66 x 104 mt CO2
Power export (3.8 billion)
Syngas
or
Liquid Fuels/ Chemicals (5.5 billion)
O2
Biorefinery
Pulp (5.5 billion)
Black liquor, residuals
Paper mfg.

• Extract Hemicelluloses
• New products, chemicals, polymers (3.3 billion)

CO2

• Black liquor gasifier
• Wood residual gasifier
• Combined cycle system
• Process to mfg. liquid fuels and chemicals

The Forest Biorefinery
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An Integrated Bio-Economy Has Many Facets

• End-Uses
• Products
• Plastics
• Functional Monomers
• Solvents
• Chemical Intermediates
• Phenolics
• Adhesives
• Hydraulic Fluids
• Fatty acids
• Carbon black
• Paints
• Dyes, Pigments, and
• Ink
• Detergents
• Paper
• Horticultural products
• Fiber boards
• Solvents

Source Adapted From Iowa Industries of the
Future, 2004.
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These products will be made from a variety of
biochemicals and biofeedstocks arising from
biorefineries.
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Summary
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Questions?For more informationwww.dovetailinc.
org