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Women Sociologists

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She could not taste or smell and lost most of her hearing by the age of twelve ... Married Henry Brewster Stanton. Word 'obey' omitted from wedding vows ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Women Sociologists


1
Women Sociologists
  • Tiffany Kotalik
  • Laura Byrd
  • Shawn Oetjen

2
Harriet Martineau
  • Born in Norwich, England on June 12, 1802
  • Known for being Auguste Comte translator
  • She was a prolific writer
  • The sixth of eight children
  • She could not taste or smell and lost most of her
    hearing by the age of twelve
  • Receive an ear trumpet at the age of eighteen
  • She believed that politics and economics
    influenced society
  • Became engaged to a Unitarian minister , who went
    crazy and died shortly after

3
Critiques
  • Most of her work was general journalistic
    articles, essays, and commentaries
  • This is defended in two ways
  • She was writing for income
  • She wrote about important issues in a way that
    appeals to the mass population

4
Writings
  • Travel to the United States for two years while
    she was here she wrote several works
  • Society in America (1836)
  • How to Observe Morals and Manners (1838)
  • Retrospect of Western Travel (1838)
  • Some other works
  • -The Hour and the Man (1841)
  • -The Playfellow (1841)
  • -Life in the Sick Room (1844)
  • -Letters on Mesmerism (1845)

5
Contributions
  • Martineau condensed and clarified much of Comte
    works
  • Wrote about social issues of her own time
  • She is sometimes said to be the Mother of
    Sociology
  • Martineau thought the methodically subject matter
    should be social life in society
  • She also believed that when studying society we
    need to study beliefs and morals
  • She believed we need to study cemeteries and
    prisons
  • She also believes that researches need stay
    unattached from their subjects in their study

6
Beatrice Potter Webb
  • Was born on January 22, 1958 in Cotswolds,
    England
  • She learned young how her gender will effect her
    life, she lived in the shadow of my baby
    brothers birth and death
  • Her mother was a personal friend of Herbert
    Spencer

7
Sociological Contributions
  • Webb thought the purpose of Sociology was to
    study how economic equity could be dealt with
    democratic decision-making process
  • Webb thought that poverty was caused by social
    conditions
  • She also thought that workers needed to be
    led...she thought that a leader could not come
    from the working class
  • She fought for the poor not for women

8
Anna Julia Cooper
  • The daughter of Hannah Stanley Haywood, an
    African American Slave.
  • She was smart, but had battle racism, sexism, and
    being poor.
  • She was admitted to Oberlin College
  • She married George A.C. Cooper

9
Sociological Contributions
  • Was an active activist against the womens
    movement not fighting for African American women
  • She used statistical and historical documentation
    to confirm her theories on issues of race and
    gender
  • She was an inspiration to many

10
Ida Wells-Barnett(African American civil rights
crusader, suffragist, womens rights advocate,
journalist, and speaker)
  • Born 1862 in Holly Springs, Mississippi.
  • Parents were slaves who later gained freedom
    after the Civil War.
  • Worked as a cook for her husbands boss.
  • Attended Rust College then later expanded her
    education at both Fiske and LeMoyne Institute.
  • Started a one-woman campaign against lynching
    in 1883.
  • Published works Crusade for Justice, Southern
    Horrors, The Reason Why the Colored American Is
    Not in The Worlds Columbian Exposition.

11
Like Anna Julia Cooper, Ida
  • Believed that oppression creates a
    dominate-dominated class structure. Domination
    by the power group is patterned by five factors
  • History (sets of events that lead to power
    discrimination)
  • Ideology (distortions and exaggerations of
    select events)
  • Material resources (possession of resources
    equals power)
  • Manners ( routinization of everyday interactions
    between dominants and subordinates)
  • Passion (the key to domination rests on emotion,
    a desire to control)

12
Lynching
  • Wells-Barnett called upon Blacks and women to
    become politically active, to fight inequality.
    She used lynching as her exemplar of racial
    injustice. Lynching involved the combination of
    racial and gender issues. She launched an
    international campaign against lynching and
    significantly influenced the ideological
    direction of black womens organizations.

13
Charlotte Perkins Gilman
  • Born July 3, 1960 in Hartford, Connecticut.
  • Self educated.
  • Fell in love with her teenage friend Martha
    Luther. They were together for 4 years until
    Martha married a man and moved away.
  • Her marriage to Charles Walter Stetson failed
    after two years.
  • Suffered a nervous breakdown and was
    institutionalized.
  • Refused Stetsons proposals because she was
    unsure about her sexual orientation, and feared
    marriage would put an end to her career goals.
  • 2nd marriage to younger cousin, Houghton
    Gilman.The marriage lasted for 34 yrs until
    Houghton died.

14
Published Works
  • During the 1890s Charlotte published
    numerous articles and edited a weekly magazine,
    the Impress. She published articles in the
    American Journal of Sociology. Listed below are
    her most famous works
  • Women and Economics (1989)
  • The Home (1903)
  • Man-Made World (1911)
  • The Forerunner Volume 1 (1909-1910)

15
Contribution to Sociology
  • Gilman participated in several important
    intellectual movements, including cultural
    feminism, reform Darwinism, feminist pragmatism,
    Fabian socialism, and Nationalism that shared
    interests in changing the economy and womens
    social status through social reform movements.
    Gilman was influenced by reform social darwinism,
    progressivism, and feminism. She greatly admired
    Thorstein Veblen whose works were a defense of
    women. In The Dress of Women, Gilman discussed
    social class differences and the influence of
    the clothing industry as a powerful economic
    force capable of intimidating and initiating
    social action.

16
Jane Addams
  • Born on September 6, 1860 in Cedarville,
    Illinois.
  • Graduated as valedictorian at Rockford.
  • Inherited her brothers 247 acre farm, stocks
    and bonds, 80 acres in Dakota, Illinois, and 60
    acres of timberland in Stephenson County.
  • Suffered her first nervous breakdown in 1883.
  • Hull House was born in 1889 which offered
    sanctuary for children.
  • Learned and helped the poor by becoming their
    neighbor.

17
Addams Sociological Perspective
  • Developed a sociological theory based on the
    idea that people must begin to work collectively
    and cooperatively.
  • Her sociological outlook on society implied that
    diverse people must learn to accept and tolerate
    one another.
  • Addams involved modified versions of
    progressivism, reform social Darwinism,
    philosophic pragmatism, and social gospel
    Christianity into her general social theory.
  • Believed that humans had already progressed to
    the point where they could control evolution and
    therefore owned a duty to help the less
    fortunate.
  • An activist who believed in social and moral
    change.

18
Marianne Weber (1870-1954)
  • Born in Oerlinghausen, Germany
  • Motherless by age 2
  • Educated at a Hanover finishing
    school when she was 16
  • Spent time with family in Berlin
  • decided she liked their lifestyle
  • good relationship with Helene Weber
  • Married her cousin Max Weber

19
Marianne Weber
  • Involved in sociopolitical issues
  • Active in the liberal feminist movement
  • First member of the Baden parliament
  • Public speaker in her marriage when Max spent
    time in mental hospitals
  • Visited America in 1904 with then recovered
    husband
  • Critical of Americans behavior
  • Met with other feminists

20
Marianne Weber
  • Contributions to Sociology - Marriage
  • 1907 Marriage, Motherhood, and the Law
  • Research on the legal position of women in the
    institute of marriage
  • Women should be free from patriarchal marital
    relationship
  • Believed marriage should be
  • Lifelong between a man and a woman
  • Husband and wife have mutual obligations

21
Marianne Weber
  • Contributions to Sociology - Feminism
  • Created her own intellectual salon where
    prominent feminists could speak with other
    intellectuals
  • Saw the inequality of the patriarchal society
  • Believed change was needed for women to be able
    to reach their full potential as men had
  • Women should have the right to financial
    independence
  • Wages for housework idea

22
The Ladies of Seneca Falls
  • Five founding women were
  • Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, Martha
    Wright, Jane Hunt, and Mary Ann McClintock
  • Organized first womens rights convention
  • Held at Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, Seneca Falls,
    NY on July 19-20, 1848.
  • Seneca Falls to become birthplace of feminism
  • Over 300 people attended

23
The Ladies of Seneca Falls
  • Declaration of Sentiments
  • Drafted by Elizabeth Cady Stanton
  • Guided convention in Seneca Falls
  • Modeled after the Declaration of Independence
  • Women victims of tyranny by men
  • Demanded equality in law, politics, education,
    occupation, and religion

24
Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815-1902)
  • Born in Johnstown, New York
  • Seventh of eleven children
  • Prominent, politically active family
  • Gained highest academic achievements available to
    women at the time
  • Advocated against slavery
  • Led womens rights movement

25
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
  • Commitment to Feminism
  • Married Henry Brewster Stanton
  • Word obey omitted from wedding vows
  • Rejected label of Mrs. Henry Stanton
  • Work in Boston, Seneca Falls, New York City
  • Womens rights should include equality in
  • Voting, dress, sports, employment, wages,
    property, custody, education, birth control, and
    religion

26
Lucretia Coffin Mott (1793-1880)
  • Born into a Quaker family on Nantucket Island
  • Because men were at sea many women set up their
    own businesses, including her mother
  • Lucretia became a minister in her twenties
  • Involved in many social issues
  • Disagreement among Quakers about slavery
  • Attended boarding school in New York and joined
    the faculty after graduation

27
Lucretia Coffin Mott
  • Contributions to Sociology
  • Antislavery Advocate
  • Home was a station on the Underground Railway
  • Organized Philadelphia Female Antislavery Society
  • Feminist
  • Met Elizabeth Cady Stanton at the World
    Antislavery Convention in London
  • Worked together on womens rights in America
  • Against intolerance and prejudice in all forms

28
Growth of Womens Rights Movements
  • Change takes time
  • Womens rights movement sometimes in conflict
    with antislavery movement
  • Feminist movement revived in 1960s
  • National Organization of Women
  • Equal Rights amendment in 1972
  • Struggle for equality continues
  • Wage gap, glass ceiling, double day
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