PARAMETRIC XRAYS: READY FOR APPLICATION

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PARAMETRIC X-RAYSREADY FOR APPLICATION

• Alexander LOBKO
• Institute for Nuclear Problems,
• Belarus State University
• Minsk

IX Gomel School - July 2007
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Light sources
nano-science
http//www.lightsources.org/cms/?pid1000166
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Spectral brilliance of T- x-ray sources
There is a large gap between properties of common
and accelerator-based x-ray sources
X-rays The First Hundred Years // Wiley 1996
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Typical size of a contemporary synchrotron
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Budget of the SOLEIL synchrotron (France)

• Construction
• Investment.235 M
• Operation..64 M
• Salaries.150 M
• Total.449 M
• Yearly...53 M

www.synchrotron-soleil.fr
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Synchrotron sources in the world

• About 40 sources in 20 countries

http//www-als.lbl.gov/als/synchrotron_sources.htm
l
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Comparison of some x-ray generation processes at
accelerators
V.G. Baryshevsky, I.D. Feranchuk // NIM 228
(1985) 490
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Parametric x-rays (PXR)

Condition for the Cherenkov radiation emission
V. Baryshevsky, I. Feranchuk, A. Ulyanenkov
Parametric Xray Radiation in Crystals Theory,
Experiment and Applications // Springer, 2006.
176 p.
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PXR experiments in the World

• Armenia Erevan ErPI LINAC
• Belarus INP in collaborations with Tomsk IHEP
  Protvino Mainz, own experiments with
  non- relativistic electrons
• Canada Saskatchevan Accelerator Lab LINAC
• Germany Darmstadt S_DALINAC, Mainz MAMI
  Microtron, Rossendorf ELBE LINAC
• Japan Tokyo U. Synchrotron, Tohoku U. LINAC,
  Hiroshima U. LINAC, Kamigori Spring-8
  Synchrotron, Kyoto U. LINAC, Hokkaido U.
  LINAC, Nihon U. LINAC
• Russia Tomsk SIRIUS Synchrotron, Dubna JINR
  Nuclotron, Belgorod U. in collaborations
• Ukraine Kharkov KPTI LINACs
• USA RPI LINAC, BNL Accelerator Facility LINAC,
• Naval Postgraduate School LINAC

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Main PXR features

• it is quasi-monochromatic x-ray radiation
• x-rays energy can be changed continuously by the
  crystal target rotation
• it is directed and polarized x-ray radiation
• x-rays energy does not depend on energy of
  incident charged particles
• radiation angle can be as large as
• 180 arc degrees

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Applications of synchrotron radiation
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Soft X-Ray Imaging

• Methods Soft x-ray imaging, photoelectron
  emission microscopy (PEEM), scanning transmission
  x-ray microscopy (STXM), full-field microscopy,
  x-ray diffraction imaging (XDI), x-ray
  tomography, computer-aided tomography (CAT).
• Problems
• Cell biology
• Nano-magnetism
• Environmental science
• Soft matter, polymers
• The tunability of radiation is absolutely
  essential for the creation of contrast mechanisms.

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Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy

• Methods Soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy
  (XAS), near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure
  (NEXAFS) spectroscopy, soft x-ray emission
  spectroscopy (SXES), resonant inelastic x-ray
  scattering (RIXS), x-ray magnetic circular
  dichroism (XMCD), x-ray photo-emission
  spectroscopy (XPS), Auger spectroscopy.
• Problems
• Complex materials
• Magnetic materials
• Environmental science
• Catalysis
• The photon energy tunability and its brilliance
  and polarisation for some applications are
  essential.

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Soft X-Ray Scattering

• Methods Soft x-ray emission spectroscopy
  (SXES), inelastic x-ray scattering (IXS),
  resonant x-ray inelastic scattering (RIXS),
  speckle patterns, small-angle x-ray scattering
  (SAXS).
• Problems
• Strongly correlated materials
• Magnetic materials
• Environmental science
• Catalysis
• The tunability of radiation and its brilliance
  for some applications are essential.

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Practical examples of PXR applications
Nihon University, Japan
enhanced contrast images
EXAFS
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, NY, USA
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PXR source based on the tabletop synchrotron
Photon Production Laboratory Japan
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First observation of parametric rays in the
microwave range
exiting (slow-wave) grating step 0,67 ??
diffraction (feedback) grating step 3 ??
NIM A 483 (2002) 2123 NIM A 507 (2003) 137140
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Possible T-rays applications
http//www.lightsources.org/cms/?pid1000680
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Thank you for attention