Albert Bandura

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Albert Bandura 4

• Social Cognitive Theory
• Aka Social Learning Theory
• Aka Observational Learning

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Albert Bandura 1925-

• Social Cognitive theory arose out of basic
  behaviorism
• Changes in beh are due to observation and
  imitation of others

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4 Principles of Observational Learning

• 1. People can learn by observing the behavior of
  others.
• 2. Lrn can occur without an observed change in
  behavior.

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Continued

• 3.Reinforcement plays a role in learning (but NOT
  the same role as in behaviorism).
• 4.Cognitive processes play a role in learning.

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Expectations p. 336

• What you expect to be rf for guides beh
• Students need to be aware of the
  response-reinforcement contingency

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Processes involved in Lrn via Modeling

• Attention
• Retention
• Motor reproduction
• Motivation
• Mnemonic ARMM

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Effective Models

• 1. Competent people.
• 2. Power prestige.
• 3. Stereotypical gender roles.
• 4. Relevant to observer.

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The Bobo Doll Study

• Children viewed adults hitting a doll
• Aggressor was rewarded, punished, or had no
  consequences
• Children learned aggressive beh equally well
  whether rewarded or not

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Self-regulation

• 1. Self-monitoring.
• Knowing our own performance can help improve it.
• Food logs, stars for potty training, noting all
  the books we read, the miles we run

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Judging Performance

• 2. Can judge ourselves compared to our own
  standards or models.
• Unrealistically high standards can create a state
  of anxiety.

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Determining Consequences for Ourselves

• Self-imposed contingencies one of the most
  powerful agents in learning self-control.
• Classroom version of encouraging students to
  develop self control access to reinforcers when
  they have met some beh goal.

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Applied Behavioral Mgnment

• Premack Principle also known as Grandmas rule
  use more preferred activity as reward for less
  preferred activity.
• Do your math first and you can read whatever you
  want
• Read the labs then do the ppt lec

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Shaping (reprise from Beh lec)

• In the classroom, reinforce
• --each subskill
• --improvements in accuracy
• --improvements in neatness
• --longer periods of sustained performance

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Contingency Contract

• Written or oral agreements with students and
  their parents that specify what response must be
  made what rf will be earned

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Lab 8

• Considered to be the most difficult
• Goal to have you identify the differences in neg
  rf, punishment, and extinction.
• Keep in mind a beh can be undesirable still be
  reinforced

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Dont

• Confuse reinforcement with punishment
• Fail to notice that rf can come from other
  children
• Confuse the teachers intentions with neg rf
• Fail to notice any examples of extinction at all.