Justice Administration:

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Chapter 10

• Corrections Organization
• and Operation

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Figure 10.1
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Correctional Organizations, Generally

• People under correctional supervision are
  increasing
• Change in sentencing laws, drug problem
  attributed to increase in correctional population
• Managing correctional employees, delivering
  correctional services to offenders

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Prisons as Organizations

• Statewide Central Offices
• Office of Director
• Administration Division
• Correctional Programs Division
• Medical or Health Care Division
• Human Resource Management Division

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Prison Organization and Administration

• Wardens (are now civil service employees)
• Associate wardens of operationsoversee
  correctional security, unit management, inmate
  disciplinary, recreation
• Associate wardens of special serviceslibrary,
  mental health, substance abuse, education,
  religious services

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Figure 10.2
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Prison Organization and Administration

• Associate wardens of administrationbusiness
  office, prison maintenance, laundry, food
  service, medical services
• Institutional services inspector, Institutional
  investigator
• Personnel for labor contracts and the media
• Computer services manager

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Figure 10.3
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Figure 10.4
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Inmate Litigation

• Hands-off doctrinecourts deferred to expertise
  of correctional administrators in operating their
  institutions (Cooper v. Pate)
• Wolff v. McDonnel (1974)
• Bell v. Wolfish (1979)
• Increases in litigation and frivolous lawsuits
  prior to new millennium

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The Prison Litigation Reform Act

• Late 1980s courts exhibiting more tolerance for
  minor violations of prisoners constitutional
  rights
• Turner v. Safley (1987)
• Wilson v. Seiter (1991)
• Sandin v. Conner (1995)

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The Prison Litigation Reform Act

• In 1996, PLRA enacted to provide more appropriate
  remedies for prison condition lawsuits, to
  discourage frivolous and abusive prison lawsuits
• PLRA has four main parts
• Exhausting of administrative remedies
• Filing fees
• Three strikes provision
• Physical injury requirement

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Figure 10.5
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Jails as Organizations

• Jail organization and hierarchy affected by size,
  budget, overcrowding,views toward punishment,
  training and education
• New generation jail (a style of architecture)
• Making jails productiveprivate sector work
  programs

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Probation and Parole Agencies as Organizations

• Probation systemsmost frequently used sanction
  of all six types
• Juvenile
• Municipal
• County
• State
• State combine
• Federal

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Figure 10.6
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Probation and Parole Agencies as Organizations

• Parole systemsmuch less complex than probation
  administered centrally on statewide basis
• Provide three basic services parole release,
  parole supervision, and executive clemency
• Two basic models
• Independent model
• Consolidate model