Chelan County One

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Chelan County One

• The Target Hazard

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What Is a Target Hazard?
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Target Hazard

• Definition An occupancy or area within the fire
  district which poses an extra threat in terms of
  life hazard, conflagration risk or fire
  potential. One must evaluate the hazard in terms
  of threat to the community, its environment,
  residents, and firefighters. One that you cannot
  afford to lose!!!!!!

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Sample Classifications

• Occupancy with large amounts of people (nursing
  homes)
• Occupancy with special processes (plastics,
  petroleum)
• Hazardous Material Storage Sites

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Sample Classifications

• Occupancy with large amounts of combustible
  storage (pallet mill)
• Large area combustible storage (lumber yard or
  bin storage)
• Large square footage occupancy (wood construction
  not protected)

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Sample Classifications

• High rise buildings
• Multi story apartment complexes
• Large wildland fuel bed (Burch Mountain)
• Wildland/urban interface (Forest Ridge)

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Why Are Target Hazards So Critical?

• Fires rapidly develop (explosions, combustible
  construction, hazardous processes)
• Many occupancies require large fire flow
  requirements (2,000 GPM) More in a minute on fire
  flows!!
• Many occupancies are older, unprotected buildings
• Poses high risk to life, property, and environment

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Fire Flows

• What is the formula? Do you remember?
• Multiply the length by the width and divide by 3
  equals Fire Flow for 100 involvement.
• Reduce accordingly by percentages, usually 25,
  50, 75, and 100 per building or floor.

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Fire Flows

• Fire building 30 by 80
• 30 X 80 2400
• 2400 divided by 3 800gpm
• 800 X .25 200gpm
• _at_ 25 200gpm _at_50 400gpm _at_ 75 600gpm _at_ 100
  800gpm
• Pretty basic right?

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Why Are Target Hazards So Critical?

• Many pose risk to community urban conflagration
  risk (downtown Wenatchee)
• Many pose serious risk to firefighters and
  citizens (hazardous materials, building collapse,
  and explosions)
• Multiple life risks often force firefighters to
  evaluate / rescue occupants instead of
  aggressively attacking the fire

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Chelan County OneTarget Hazards

• Amerigas
• Chamberlin Distributing
• Keyes Fiber
• Tree Top
• Ox ARC
• Mini Storages
• US Pallet Mill

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Chelan County One Target Hazards Cont.

• Alcoa ???
• KB Alloy
• USDA Tree Fruit Research
• WSU Fruit Research
• Burch Mountain wildland/urban interface
• Eagle Rock wildland/urban interface
• Forest Ridge wildland/urban interface

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Chelan County One Target Hazards Cont.

• Wenatchee Heights wildland/urban interface
• Wenatchee West wildland/urban interface
• Highway 97-A transportation corridor
• Highway 2/97 transportation corridor
• BNSF Railroad
• Sunnyslope Mission View Schools
• Daycare/Preschools
• Damns

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Keys to Addressing a Target Hazard

• Establish your priorities quickly (life,
  property, environment)
• Adequate fire flow (rough calculations)
• Big fire big lines lots of firefighters
• Save the big end or save the largest at risk
  population

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Keys to Addressing a Target Hazard Cont.

• Where will the fire be?
• Where is the smoke showing?
• What is in place to stop the spread of fire and
  smoke to other areas of the structure, e.g.,
  firewalls or other fire-resistant materials?
• What signsdiscoloration of paint, bubbling tar,
  or other building reactionsprovide clues about
  fire travel?
• Use of thermal imaging camera as a size up tool?

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Keys to Addressing a Target Hazard Cont.

• Accountability!!!!!!!
• Stay ahead of span of control, safety issues
• Frequently monitor progress / or lack of it
• Evaluate long haul issues early. Rehab, air
  needs, logistical needs.

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First Arriving Resource

• Utilize all dispatch information enroute. Start
  additional apparatus if River Comm reports actual
  fire, smoke visible or an explosion has occurred.
• If additional resources are requested establish
  and declare a staging area (level I or Level II)

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Level I Staging

• First arriving engine company respond directly
  to the scene and will operate to best advantage
• First arriving ladder/second arriving engine
  company respond directly to the scene and will
  operate to best advantage (ladder company
  positions generally in front of the building)
• All other units will stage in their direction of
  travel, uncommitted, approximately one block or a
  designated area from the scene until assigned by
  Command.

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Level I Staging

• All engine companies will pull map books and
  reference immediate fire area for water supply
  and Pre-Fire Plans.
• Dont let Command forget about you
• Always be aware of communications

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Level II Staging

• Usually used when we request 2nd and/or 3rd alarm
  assignments.
• Command will designate location of staging prior
  to Level II activation
• All Level I staged equipment will remain in Level
  I unless Command advised differently.

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Level II Staging Cont.

• The staging area should be away from the Command
  Post and from the emergency scene.
• Command should designate a Staging Officer, in
  absence of such an assignment, the first Fire
  Department officer to arrive at the staging area
  will automatically become the Staging Officer and
  will notify Command on the assigned tactical
  channel.

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First Arriving Resource Cont.

• BEFORE you advise River Comm of your arrival,
  survey at least three sides of the occupancy,
  facility so you can give a detailed size-up
  including exposures and incident potential.
• Evaluate the need for specialized needs (aerial
  streams, tenders, personnel) and order them to
  staging.

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First Arriving Resource Cont.

• Request ambulance, law enforcement, PUD, to
  staging
• Plan your attack carefully
• Offensive vs. defensive
• Mobility vs. fire flow
• Evacuations vs. fire attack
• Committing vs. command
• Can I accomplish my plan with water, personnel I
  have?

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First Arriving Resource Cont.

• Life safety (personnel protection) IS your first
  priority
• In some cases, isolate-deny entry, start
  evacuations
• IMPORTANT Until a management control point is
  established, company officers are responsible for
  personnel accountability. Keep your crew
  together!!!!!!

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1st Engine Arriving

• Initial size up
• Gather information
• Look at least 3 sides of the building
• Commit
• Evacuations, offensive attack, defensive position
• Command
• Gather information, evacuate, look at the big
  picture, external influences, get additional
  resources started.

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1st or 2nd Engine ArrivingTaking Command

• Evaluate situation upon arrival
• Meet with first arriving officer if possible
  unless otherwise assigned
• Build off whats been done if plan sounds
  logistical and Command One has not arrived
• If not yet named, name it. Be careful not to use
  names with River in it.

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1st or 2nd Engine ArrivingTaking Command Cont.

• Assume command, identify ICP location, revise
  tactical plan if necessary
• If hazardous facility ensure adequate size
  exclusionary zone is established.
• Have River Comm re-tone us to have personnel
  respond to their perspective stations.

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1st or 2nd Engine ArrivingTaking Command Cont.

• Update, upgrade incident with River Comm
• Update size up
• Upgrade to major incident
• Get ICP to incident (Command Bus)

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1st Arriving Chief OfficerApproaching

• Look at minimum of 3 sides
• Balance what you have heard with what you see
• Evaluate any safety issues

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1st Arriving Chief OfficerOn Arrival

• Tie in with company officer(s) and /or command.
• Update size up, transition into command.
• Start ICS-201 transition into a written plan.
• Evaluate needs for support staff. Brief,
  activate if not already done
• Safety
• Operations Chief (if needed)
• Others as needed

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1st Arriving Chief OfficerOn Arrival Cont.

• Evaluate span of control 3 to 7, 5 is optimum,
  will depend on complexity of assignments and
  tasks.
• Evaluate tactical plan. Is it working?
• Establish radio plan. Get it to River Comm.
• Develop a media release

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1st Arriving Chief OfficerOn Arrival Cont.

• Brief agency representatives.
• Law
• Media
• Ambulance
• Mutual Aid Companies
• Get the command post set up
• Ensure a chief officer/company officer is
  covering the district.

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1st Arriving Chief OfficerOn Arrival Cont.

• Evaluate re-hab/logistical needs.
• Get tied into property owner.
• Start cause investigation.
• Monitor progress paying particular attention to
  personnel accountability.

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Large Fire Incident Management

• Incident Priorities
• Life, personnel safety
• Incident stabilization
• Property Conservation

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Large Fire Incident Management Cont.

• Strategy (desired outcome) what you want to
  happen
• Tactics (actions necessary to achieve desired
  outcome) Offensive, defensive or combination of
  both.

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Large Fire Incident Management Cont.

• Selecting a strategy
• Is it safe?
• Can I make it safe?
• Evaluate a minimum of 3 sides of the building or
  vantage points

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Large Fire Incident Management Cont.

• 4. Risk assessment done
• Type of incident
• Backdraft potential?
• Flashover risk?
• Exposures
• Structural collapse
• Explosion of BLEVE hazards

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Implementing the Plan

• Give detailed size up with incident potential and
  upgrade.
• Name incident, assume command i.e., Stemilt
  Command.
• Transition from a verbal to a written decision
  making process (Incident Action Plan developed.)

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Implementing the Plan Cont.

• Establish a radio plan for command, tactics.
• Activate, brief necessary command, general staff
  positions evaluating span of control, safety
  issues.
• Identify, transmit initial incident objectives.
• Identify, transmit command post, staging area.
• Manage processes and progress.

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Organizational ChartBIG FIRE
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Summary

• Know your target hazards
• Train on your target hazards
• Pre-plan and Pre-fire your target hazards
• Update info to all parties