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Business Data Communications, Fourth Edition

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Describe and show the difference between peer-to-peer and server-based networks ... MAC protocol. Contention method ... Server-Based LANs. Central computer used ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Business Data Communications, Fourth Edition


1
Business Data Communications, Fourth Edition
  • Chapter 9 Local Area Networks

2
Learning Objectives
  • Describe the hardware and software used in a
    local area network
  • List the topologies used in local area networks
  • Specify the differences among CSMA/CD, token
    ring, token bus, ARCnet and AppleTalk

Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 2
3
Learning Objectives
  • Describe and show the difference between
    peer-to-peer and server-based networks
  • List the differences between wired and wireless
    LANs
  • Differentiate between various network operating
    systems

Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 3
4
Learning Objectives
  • Describe the advantage of using high-speed LANs
  • Define a gateway, bridge, and router in the
    context of local area networks

Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 4
5
Introduction
  • Local area networks are located in a limited
    geographic area
  • Local area networks are privately owned
  • Universities often use local area networks for
    lab environments

Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 5
6
LAN Hardware
  • Three main components
  • Personal computer
  • Network interface card (NIC)
  • Transmission medium

Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 6
7
LAN Hardware
  • Personal Computer
  • Must be compatible with LAN software
  • Many different types can be combined on the same
    network
  • Need open slot for network interface card
  • Workstation or client on the network
  • Diskless workstation
  • Network computers (NCs)

Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 7
8
LAN Hardware
  • Network Interface Card (NIC)
  • Link between physical network and PC
  • Type of card linked to specific type of LAN
  • Transmission Medium
  • Guided media
  • Unguided media
  • Fiber optic often used for backbone network

Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 8
9
Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 9
10
LAN Hardware
  • LAN Standards
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
    (IEEE)
  • IEEE 802.x standard

Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 10
11
LAN Topologies
  • Topology
  • Physical arrangement of the network
  • LAN equipment is often moved
  • Ring Topology
  • Creates a closed loop between the PCs
  • Data travels in one direction

Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 11
12
LAN Topologies
  • Ring Topology
  • Active stations send/receive messages
  • Inactive stations cannot respond
  • Bypassed by data on the network
  • Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)
  • Double ring using fiber-optic cable
  • Used for backbone

Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 12
13
Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 13
14
Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 14
15
LAN Topologies
  • Bus Topology
  • Single wire connecting all devices
  • Terminator used at ends of the cable
  • Inexpensive and easy to install
  • Ethernet standard uses bus topology

Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 15
16
Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 16
17
LAN Topologies
  • Star Topology
  • Central device connecting all other devices in
    the network
  • Point-to-point links used
  • Private Branch Exchange (PBX)
  • Hub failure is the main problem
  • UPS can be used to avoid sudden loss of power

Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 17
18
Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 18
19
Protocols
  • Ethernet
  • Based on bus topology
  • 10Base-T connector
  • 10Mbps
  • Baseband transmission
  • 10BaseT (twisted pair)
  • Thick Ethernet regular coaxial cable
  • Thin Ethernet smaller coaxial cable

Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 19
20
Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 20
21
Protocols
  • Ethernet
  • Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps)
  • Gigabit Ethernet (1 Gbps)
  • 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10 Gbps)
  • Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision
    Detection (CSMA/CD)
  • MAC protocol
  • Contention method
  • Originally used for small network, now expanded
    to larger networks.

Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 21
22
Protocols
  • Token Passing
  • Token string of bits
  • Token Ring Network
  • Data is added to the token and transmitted
  • Free versus busy token
  • Uses a MAU, ring is within the MAU
  • 4 or 16 Mbps, 100 Mbps in the future
  • Fair protocol

Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 22
23
Protocols
  • Token Passing
  • Token Bus Network
  • Token is taken off the network
  • Designed like a ring
  • ARCnet uses it (2.5 or 20 Mbps)

Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 23
24
Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 24
25
Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 25
26
Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 26
27
Protocols
  • Apple Networks
  • Appletalk Network
  • Original Macintosh network
  • CSMA/CA
  • 230,400 bps, up to 32 users

Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 27
28
Protocols
  • Apple Networks
  • AppleShare IP
  • Makes Macintosh network more compatible with
    other networks, including the Internet
  • Speed depends on server used, up to 500 users
  • May be used as Web server

Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 28
29
Types of Networks
  • Private Branch Exchange LANs
  • Central switch in telephone system
  • Failure of central node is greatest threat

Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 29
30
Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 30
31
Types of Networks
  • Peer-to-Peer LANs
  • All workstations are equal
  • Hard drives can be shared
  • Easy to set up and maintain
  • CSMA/CD used
  • Windows operating systems have built-in peer
    networks

Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 31
32
Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 32
33
Types of Networks
  • Server-Based LANs
  • Central computer used to store files
  • File server
  • Files shared among users on LAN
  • Files can be stored on server
  • Software stored on server, eases maintenance

Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 33
34
Types of Networks
  • Server-Based LANs
  • Disk server
  • Specific amount of disk space allocated to users
  • Database server
  • Only actual data is returned, not entire file

Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 34
35
Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 35
36
Types of Networks
  • Wireless LANs
  • Rapidly growing technology
  • IEEE 802.11a, b, g standards
  • Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD)
  • Cellular radio technology

Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 36
37
Types of Networks
  • Wireless LANs
  • Spread Spectrum Radio (SSR)
  • Modulated radio signal
  • Eliminates interference and eavesdropping
  • Frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS)
  • Direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS)
  • Infrared Transmission

Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 37
38
LAN Software
  • Network Operating System
  • Does not always replace the operating system
  • Novell NetWare
  • Dedicated server
  • Supports Ethernet or Token ring
  • Uses disk caching for file access
  • Frequently access files stored in memory for
    quicker access
  • NetWare Directory Services (NDS)

Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 38
39
LAN Software
  • LANtastic
  • Peer network
  • Ethernet or Token ring
  • PCs defined as servers or workstations
  • Windows NT/2000/2003
  • Does not need DOS
  • NT Server and NT Workstation
  • 2000 Server and 2000 Advanced Server
  • Server 2003

Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 39
40
LAN Software
  • Linux
  • Similar to UNIX
  • Open source code
  • Alternative to high-end NOSs

Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 40
41
High-Speed LANs
  • Fast Ethernet
  • 100 Mbps
  • Uses CSMA/CD, same as Ethernet
  • Used for links between servers
  • Gigabit Ethernet
  • 1 Gbps
  • Backbone for high volume networks
  • 10 Gigabit Ethernet

Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 41
42
Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 42
43
Connecting Networks
  • Repeaters
  • Cable length without repeaters limited to 1,641
    feet by IEEE 802.3 standard
  • LAN can be extended by four segments using
    repeaters

Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 43
44
Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 44
45
Connecting Networks
  • Bridge
  • Connects two LANs using the same protocol
  • Operates at data link layer
  • Internal bridge
  • Adapter card
  • External bridge
  • Separate PC
  • Used on high-volume LANs

Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 45
46
Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 46
47
Connecting Networks
  • Routers
  • More sophisticated than a bridge
  • Operate at network layer
  • Can be used to isolate a portion of the LAN
  • Gateways
  • Connect networks using different protocols
  • Can be used to connect a LAN to a WAN

Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 47
48
Summary
  • LANs used for sharing hardware and software
  • Personal computers, adapter cards, and cables
    make up the LAN
  • LANs use ring, bus, and star topologies
  • Unique protocols are used in LANs CSMA/CD,
    token bus, token ring

Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 48
49
Summary
  • Control of LANs are different in PBX, peer, and
    server-based networks
  • Software is needed to run the network
  • Connections between networks can be made using
    repeaters, bridges, routers, and gateways

Chapter 9 Local Area Networks 49
50
Chapter 9 Complete
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