Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs) in Thailand

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Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)inThailand
By Paweenuch Chainuwat Email
talapad21_at_yahoo.com
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Thailand
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Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)

• What is it?
• - A Natural gas vehicle or NGV is a vehicle that
  uses compressed natural gas (CNG) or, less
  commonly, liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a clean
  alternative to other automobile fuels.

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Sources

• Where do we get natural gas from?
• The Gulf of Thailand A Long-Lasting Source of
  Natural Gas.

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The Gulf of Thailand

• Thailand found a source of natural gas in the
  Gulf of Thailand in 1981.
• It allows the country to depend on domestic
  energy sources.

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Benefits of NGVs

• 85-99 Methane
• Clean burning
• Exhaust emissions from NGVs are much lower than
  those from equivalent gasoline-powered vehicles
• Reduced greenhouse gas emissions
• Noise reductions
• Lower cost

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NGV Price
Date Alpha-X 95 Alpha-X 91 Diesel NGV
12 Apr 2005 22.89 22.09 17.69 9.53
12 Apr 2006 27.94 27.14 25.79 8.50
Exchange Rate 38.19 Bath/ USD 1.00
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NGVs in Thailand

• First NGVs Use
• It was introduced in 1984 with transited buses
  and Tuk Tuk.

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NGVs Today

• Numbers of NGVs
• - 10,569 NGVs (Jan 2006)
• - PTT expected to increase numbers of NGVs to
  70,000 by the end of 2006.
• Numbers of NGV Refueling Stations
• - 60 stations (Mar 2006)

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Types of Vehicles

• What types of vehicles run on natural gas?
• Dedicated NGVs
• 2) Bi-Fuel NGVs

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Dedicated NGVs

• A dedicated NGV runs on natural gas only.
• Dedicated NGVs can be gasoline-fueled vehicles
  that have been converted to run on natural gas.
• Mostly dedicated NGVs are produced by original
  equipment manufacturers.

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Examples of NGV Cars

• Honda Civic GX The Omni Cargo

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Bi-Fuel NGVs

• A bi-fuel vehicle can run on either natural gas
  or gasoline.
• Many are designed to switch automatically to
  gasoline when the natural gas fuel tank reaches
  empty.
• These vehicles get the same or slightly fewer
  miles per equivalent gallon of natural gas as do
  vehicles using gasoline only.

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Mercedes Expands Natural Gas Vehicle Production
to Thailand

• Daimler Chrysler plans to begin producing natural
  gas vehicle (NGV) outside of Germany.
• Production will be for local sale as well as
  export.

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Obstacles to The Widespread of Use of NGVs

• The Absence of Transportation
• The Absence of Storage Infrastructure
• Loss of Cargo Space
• Increased Refueling Time
• Lower Driving Range
• Price

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Solutions (1)

• Building more pipelines.
• Establishing more liquefied tankers.
• A slow fill gets more gas into the tank than does
  a fast fill.
• Petroleum Authority of Thailand (PTT) is now
  promoting the new plan.

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Solutions (2)

• Tax Reductions for CNG Vehicles
• - Tax reductions of 25 for CNG buses and taxi
  cabs
• - 20 for other CNG vehicles
• Giving an import tariff exemption for NGV
  cylinders and other related equipment

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Solutions (3)

• Building more NGV refueling stations
• PTT plans to increase the number to 160 stations
  next year
• 740 nationwide in 2010

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Conclusion

• Natural gas combustion produces no significant
  aldehydes or other air toxins.
• Natural gas price is cheaper than the price of
  gasoline.
• Safety