Richard III

1
Richard III

• Lesson 1

2
Political intrigue

• The language of politics
• Betrayal
• Duplicity
• Treachery
• Treason
• Back-stabbing
• Fear
• Arrogance
• Ignorance
• Paranoia
• Oblivion

3
Band 5

• Clear focus on the question and use of relevant
  quotations from both extracts. Clear
  understanding of how characters use language in
  both extracts.
• Creates an argument with well-chosen reference to
  the text to justify comments.

4
Band 6

• Coherent analysis of the text in relation to the
  question.
• Appreciation of the effects of features of
  language in both extracts.
• Creates a well-developed argument with comments
  and precisely selected references to the text
  integrated appropriately.

5
Both bands require

• integrated quotations
• ongoing links to both extracts
• sentences that make a point, embed a quotation
  and explore implications relevant to the
  question in detail
• creation of an argument a chain of linked
  points that respond to the question with a point
  of view that might be maintained or
  reconsidered if appropriate

6
These 2 extracts show how power has corrupted the
character of Napoleon in Orwell's 'Animal Farm'.

• Extract 1
• Napoleon, with the dogs following him, now
  mounted on to the raised portion of the floor
  where Major had previously stood to deliver his
  speech. He announced that from now on the Sunday
  morning Meetings would come to an end. They were
  unnecessary, he said, and wasted time. In future
  all questions relating to the working of the farm
  would be settled by a special committee of pigs,
  presided over by himself. These would meet in
  private and afterwards communicate their
  decisions to others. The animals would still
  assemble on Sunday mornings to salute the flag,
  sing 'Beasts of England', and receive their
  orders for the week but there would be no more
  debates.

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Extract 2

• After that it did not seem strange when next day
  the pigs who were supervising the work of the
  farm all carried whips in their trotters. It did
  not seem strange to learn that the pigs had
  bought themselves a wireless set, were arranging
  to install a telephone, and taken out
  subscriptions to John Bull, Tit-Bits, and the
  Daily Mirror. It did not seem strange when
  Napoleon was seen strolling in the farmhouse
  garden with a pipe in his mouth no, not even
  when the pigs took Mr Jones's clothes out of the
  wardrobes and put them on, Napoleon himself
  appearing in a black coat, rat-catcher breeches,
  and leather leggings, while his favourite sow
  appeared in the watered silk dress which Mrs
  Jones had been used to wear on Sundays.

8
In these extracts, how does Napoleons behaviour
show us that he is abusing his role as leader?
Opening summary establishes agreement with the
point made in the question that Napoleon abuses
his role.

• Napoleon abuses his power throughout the novel
  and often disguises his true intentions or works
  in secret while everyone else is busy. His
  behaviour in public is often formal and
  authoritative, although Orwell allows his readers
  to see the crimes he is committing by including
  subtle details.
• In the first extract, Napoleon has the dogs
  following him as he mounts the raised stage.
  This is typical of him in that he appears ready
  to overpower challenge even though the likelihood
  of it is very slim. He is threatening his
  audience with the dogs and using this power to
  secure his position above them. In the second
  extract, Napoleon is again using props to set
  himself aside from the animals he has
  demonstrated to the pigs how to hold a whip, he
  is wearing the very threatening clothing of men,
  which ironically is made of animal skin, and was
  formerly used to exterminate rats. Napoleon is
  acting in a way that oppresses the other animals
  without having to say that much. It is ironic
  that in the first extract, the animals are still
  commanded to sing the song Beasts of England
  which contains the line Cruel whips no more
  shall crack, whilst in the second extract
  Napoleon and his pigs all carry whips.

Coherent analysis of abuse of power in relation
to question.
Uses words with meanings that are linked to those
in the title giving added coherence and showing
understanding of implications.
Argument developed with wide range of references
9
Continued

• The changes to life on Animal Farm that are
  announced in the first extract show us that
  Napoleon is removing all power from the other
  animals. Their right to discuss policy and
  contribute to their society through discussion
  and debates is to be removed. Napoleon has
  decided that participation in the running of
  things is unnecessary and wasted time. This
  shows us that Napoleon is abusing the strength he
  has over the animals, due to his dogs, to take
  away any opportunity that they might have to
  challenge him. In the second extract, Napoleon is
  using his position to separate himself from the
  animals by acting as humans did prior to the
  revolution. He and his fellow leaders have bought
  into the human world by purchasing a wireless
  set and reading the Daily Mirror. This
  behaviour is against the original rules of the
  farm, which state that whatever goes on two legs
  is an enemy, immediately alerting the reader to
  the fact that the pigs are no better than the
  original men who abused the animals. It makes the
  reader question if everyone who was allowed to
  have power would abuse it. Napoleon's behaviour
  shows how abuse of power and manipulation of
  others can take the form of threatening people
  with violence, wearing clothes that intimidate
  and making rules that take away any freedom to
  challenge an oppressive regime.

Appreciation of the effects of language through
well-chosen, relevant comments and quotations.
Argument is developed with move between extracts.
Argument developed into coherent analysis of
question and the characterisation of Napoleon.
10
The reading skills that are assessed in the
Shakespeare Paper are

• your ability to understand a question and select
  relevant material to suit your answer to it
• your appreciation of how the language of the text
  informs your analysis of the question
• your ability to construct an appropriate argument
  and develop your points in a coherent way
• your understanding of character, theme, language
  or performance in relation to the extract

11
Homework

• Use the 2 extracts from the opening of the play
  to respond to the question
• How do these scenes show us the difference
  between Richards public and private face?

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The Shakespeare Paper does not assess

• your understanding of the whole play or all of
  the extracts
• your version of what happens
• quantity of quotations
• your opinion of the play