First Aid

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First Aid
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Wounds and Bleeding

• 1. A wound is a break in the soft tissue of the
  body.

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• Open wounds result in External Bleeding
• A closed wound does not break the skin and can
  result in
• internal bleeding

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• 4. How should I care for a minor wound?
• a. Wash your hands and put on gloves, if you
  have them.
• b. Wash the wound with soap and water.
• c. Place a sterile or clean cloth on the wound
  and apply pressure.

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• d. After the bleeding has stopped, apply
• antibiotic ointment to the wound.
• e. Cover the wound with a clean or sterile
• dressing.

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• 5. A pressure point is a place where an artery
  near the skins surface lies over a bone.
• 6. Can you tell if a person is bleeding
  internally? What might some of the signs be?
  Only if it is near the surface of the skin. It
  might be coming from the ear, nose or mouth or
  vomiting blood.

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Heat and Cold Related Emergencies

• 7. Hyperthermia is a condition in which the
  bodys internal temperature is higher than
  normal.
• a. Heat Exhaustion- the body becomes heated to a
  higher temp. than normal.
• symptoms cold, moist skin, headache
• treatment cool body down

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• b. Heat Stroke - the body loses its ability to
  cool itself by sweating because the victim has
  become dehydrated.
• symptoms hot dry skin, headache, nausea,
  extreme fatigue
• treatment get help immediately life
  threatening

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• c. Frostbite -the body tissue becomes frozen.
• symptom change in skin color to white or
  gray, feels numb
• treatment warm affected body part, do not
  rub.

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• d. Hypothermia - the internal body temp. becomes
  dangerously low b/c the body loses heat faster
  than it can generate heat.
• symptoms stiff muscles, shivering, weakness,
  dizziness, cold skin
• treatment get shelter, remove wet clothes,
  wrap person in blankets or towels

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Bone, Joint Muscle Injuries

• 8. A fracture is a crack or a break in a bone.
• In a closed fracture, the skin is unbroken
• In an open fracture, the skin in broken and the
  bone may stick our from the skin.

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• A splint is a device used to stabilize a body
  part.
• An injury in which a bone has been forced out of
  its normal position in a joint is a dislocation.
• An injury in which ligaments are stretched or
  torn is a sprain.

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• 14. An injury in which muscle or tendons are
  stretched or torn is a strain.
• 15. Describe the RICE technique for treating a
  joint, muscle or bone injury.
• R rest
• I ice
• C compression
• E - elevate

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Burns

• 16. Burns that affect the outer layer of the skin
  and look pink are 1st degree.
• Treatment apply cold water
• 17. Burns that extend into the inner layer and
  are red, swollen and blistered are 2nd degree.
• Treatment apply sterile dressing, apply
  water or ointment

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• 18. Full thickness burns are 3rd degree.
• Treatment seek medical attention, cover
  with a clean dry cloth, treat for shock.
• 19. Do you treat chemical burns the same way you
  would treat a thermal burn?
• No, for chemical burns contact the Poison
  Control Center, water may activate the chemical
  so check before treating.

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Poisons

• A poison is a substance that can cause illness or
  death when taken into the body.
• Poisons can be swallowed, inhaled, absorbed
  through the skin by contact, or can occur as a
  result of being bitten or stung.

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• Who should you call if you suspect someone has
  been poisoned?
• Poison Control Center
• Motor Vehicle Safety
• 23. The factor that contributes most often to
  automobile accidents is driver behavior.

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• Other factors that should be avoided are
  speeding, aggressiveness and impaired driving.
• Someone who practices behaviors that help avoid
  car crashes is said to be a defensive driver.

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• 26. Some general rules for driving that apply to
  all motor vehicles are
• a. dont drive under the influence
• b. avoid fatigue
• c. leave room between you and car in front
• d. drive the speed limit
• e. monitor the road and surroundings.
• f. be courteous.