Diapositiva 1

1
Smog Reduction
Xaviera Guridi Paulina Torres
2
Pollutants Produced by Cars

• In order for modern cars to control the amount
  of fuel they burn, they have to keep the air to
  fuel ratio equally. This ratio is very close to
  the stoichinometric point, this is the ideal
  ratio a car should have. It is supposed that at
  this point the fuel will burn with all the
  oxygen.
• Some main emissions of cars are
• Nitrogen gas(78 air) passes through the car
  engine.
• Carbon dioxide Bonds with the oxygen
• Water vapor

3
Catalytic Converter
4
Catalytic Converters
Most of the cars are three catalytic converters.
This name is because there are three regulators.
This three regulators help reduce the emissions
of carbon monoxide, VOCs and NOx. Converters use
two different types of converters a reduction
catalyst and oxidation catalyst. Reduction its
the first stage of a catalytic converter. It uses
platinum and rhodium to reduce NOx. When this NO
contacts the catalyst it rips the nitrogen atom
and holds on to it, t also lets oxygen escape.
Nitrogen atoms bond with other nitrogen atoms
that are stuck to the catalyst Oxidation
second stage of the catalytic converter. This
reduces the hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide by
burning them with a platinum and palladium
catalyst.
5
(No Transcript)
6
Control System
This is the third stage which monitors the
exhaust system. The control system uses the
information to control the fuel insertion. In the
control system there is a oxygen sensor, it is
located inside the catalytic converter, but
closer to the engine than the catalytic
converter. The control system tells the computer
how much oxygen there is. When this happens the
computer can decide what to do with the oxygen(
decrease it or increase it). It also makes sure
that the engine runs at the stoichiometirc point
and also to make sure that there is enough oxygen
to burn the unburned hydrocarbons.
7
(No Transcript)
8
HOW DOES SANTIAGO, CHILE REDUCE THEIR SMOG??
9
Transantiago
Old buses used for public tranportation

• The transantiago is a system of public
  transportation in Santiago which was created to
  reduce the smog in the city.
• The theory of this system is that they can
  transport the same amount of people (by changing
  routes) with less buses.
• These buses are also newer and dont use up as
  much gasoline as the old buses.

Transantiago, new buses used for public
transportation
10
Catalyct Cars

• Cars that are not catalyct can circulate very few
  days during winter, which complicates situations
  with the people who own them, so most change
  cars.
• All the none-catalyct cars in Santiago have
  reduced from a 64 to a 41 in a decade.

11
(Restriccion Vehicular)Vehicle Restriction

• This is when only certain vehicles can circulate
  through the city.
• Specific days during the period of high
  contamination is when this system is used.
• In those days they say different digits, if your
  license plate finishes in that number, you cannot
  use your car that day.

12
BIBILIOGRAPHIES )

• http//www.cavem.cl/noticias.php?idnoticia19
• http//es.wikipedia.org/wiki/TransantiagoDise.C3.
  B1o_del_proyecto_y_primeros_conflictos
• http//www.american.edu/TED/chileair.htm
• http//tlc.osu.edu/technologies/detail.cfm?TechID
  141CatID8
• http//www.techemet.com/What_Is.cfm/