Configuring Input and Output Devices

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Configuring Input and Output Devices

• Guide to Operating Systems
• Third Edition

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Objectives

• After reading this chapter and completing the
  exercises you will be able to
• Understand how operating systems interface with
  input and output devices
• Explain the need for device drivers and install
  devices and drivers
• Describe popular input device technologies

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Objectives (continued)

• Discuss the types of printers and install
  printers
• Explain display adapter technologies
• Install circuit boards for new devices
• Explain the use of sound cards and other output
  devices

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Operating Systems and Devices An Overview

• The operating system must
• Handle input from the keyboard, mouse, and other
  input devices
• Handle output to the screen, printer, and other
  output devices
• Control information storage and retrieval
• Support communications with remote computers

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Operating Systems and Devices An Overview
(continued)

• OS accomplishes these tasks
• through software
• through hardware
• Three general steps
• Install any software drivers that are required
• Install the input or output device
• Set up the hardware

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Using Device Drivers

• OS provides basic input/output support for the
  parallel, serial, bus, or other ports
• Specific features of individual devices are
  provided by device drivers

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Using Device Drivers (continued)

• If you download a new driver youll probably need
  PKZIP or WINZIP
• PC-executable files use the .exe file extension
• downloaded drivers that include this extension,
  are a self-extracting file

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Using Device Drivers (continued)

• Macintosh users
• can use ZIP-format archives
• more common format is StuffIt
• UNIX system users
• retrieve drivers in a tar format
• StuffIt is also available for some UNIX systems

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Manufacturer Driver Installation

• Hardware manufacturers install utility
• usually fully automatic
• well documented

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Windows 2000/XP/Server 2003 Device and Driver
Installation

• Several installation methods
• PnP capability
• Add/Remove Hardware Wizard or Add Hardware Wizard
• Specialized icon on Control Panel
• Device Manager

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Windows 2000/XP/Server 2003 Device and Driver
Installation (continued)

• PnP method
• Shut down the OS
• Turn off the power
• Connect the device
• Plug the device into power
• Turn on the computer
• OS automatically installs the drivers

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Windows 2000/XP/Server 2003 Device and Driver
Installation (continued)

• Add/Remove Hardware or Add Hardware Wizards
• Windows 2000 uses Add/Remove Hardware Wizard
• Windows XP/Server 2003 uses Add hardware Wizard
• Control Panel method

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Windows 2000/XP/Server 2003 Device and Driver
Installation (continued)

• Device Manager method
• Convenient method
• Determine location of device driver files
• Check to make sure a device is working
• Determine if there is a resource conflict

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Windows 2000/XP/Server 2003 Device and Driver
Installation (continued)

• Interrupt request (IRQ)
• communication channel
• communicates with the CPU
• I/O address range
• memory reserved for a particular device
• Device manager shows IRQ lines and any conflicts

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Windows 2000/XP/Server 2003 Device and Driver
Installation (continued)

• Driver signing
• unique digital signature
• ensures that the driver works properly
• security feature to ensure that there has been no
  tampering

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UNIX/Linux Driver Installation

• Concept of drivers in UNIX
• different from other operating systems
• the kernel is where most device drivers are
  loaded
• Device special files
• Blocked special files
• Character special files
• Named pipes

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UNIX/Linux Driver Installation (continued)
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Managing Devices in NetWare 6.x

• NetWare Loadable Modules
• extend capabilities and services of OS
• hundreds of different modules
• from web server to establishing security
• automatically loaded at boot time

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Managing Devices in NetWare 6.x (continued)
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Mac OS X Driver Installation

• Mac OS X systems include drivers for most
  hardware
• General steps for new hardware installs
• Shut down OS and turn off computer
• Attach the new hardware
• Restart the computer and OS
• Insert CD-ROM
• Run the installer program

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Standard Input Devices

• Standard and universal input devices
• keyboard
• mouse

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Mouse and Keyboard Drivers

• Highly standardized across operating systems
• The mouse and keyboard use special ports
• serial or USB ports
• Windows XP includes a sophisticated keyboard
  driver

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Mouse and Keyboard Drivers (continued)

• Mouse
• pointing device with a ball
• rotates as you move the mouse
• mouse pad
• one, two, or three buttons on top
• moves two potentiometers (variable resistors)
  positioned at 90-degree angles to each other
• top-mounted buttons are connected to
  micro-switches

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Other Input Devices

• Specialty input devices for
• graphics design
• Web page development
• digital photography
• movie or sound editing

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Digital Tablets

• Digital pad or tablet
• a different kind of mouse
• to draw pictures
• sign your name
• color a detailed graphic image
• conduct other tasks that require a high degree of
  manual dexterity

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Digital Tablets (continued)

• Personal digital assistants (PDAs)
• same technology used in digital tablets
• Digital pad
• plugs into your computer
• fairly standard hardware to specialty devices

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Scanners

• Scanner
• like a printer in reverse
• an office photocopier that prints to your
  computer
• Optical character recognition (OCR)
• scans each character

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Scanners (continued)

• Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) hardware
  or the USB port
• fast because they use wide data paths
• rely less on the main system CPU

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Joysticks and Game Pads

• Joysticks and game pads
• alternative input devices
• Joystick
• more like a mouse than a digital pad
• offers a lot more control
• used for three-dimensional movement on screen

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Joysticks and Game Pads (continued)

• Game pads
• come in a wide variety of designs
• designed for interaction with games
• include multiple buttons, wheels, or balls

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Digital Sound Input

• Almost every workstation comes with some kind of
  analog sound card
• Add a digital I/O card for
• editing music
• voice for electronic journalism
• audio for training applications

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Digital Sound Input (continued)

• Digital audio interfaces plug into the computers
  internal bus
• PCI
• USB port

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Digital Picture and Video Input/Output

• Works similarly to digital audio I/O
• Need a digital I/O interface and drivers
• Import digital images into application software

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1394 Technology

• IEEE 1394
• specification for a high-speed digital interface
• supports data communication at 100, 200, or 400
  megabits per second
• IEEE 1394b
• communicates at 800 Mbps, 1.6 Gbps, and 3.2 Gbps

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1394 Technology (continued)

• Technology targeted at
• multimedia peripherals
• digital camcorders
• music systems
• digital TVs
• digital video discs (DVDs)

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Printers

• Important part of nearly every computer
  installation today

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Printer Types

• The following types of printers are the most
  popular today
• Dot matrix printers
• Ink-jet printers
• Laser printers

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Printer Types (continued)

• Printer designs used in specialized arenas
• Line printers
• Thermal-wax transfer printers
• Dye sublimation printers
• Imagesetter printers

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Printer Types (continued)

• Plotter
• popular in engineering architecture
• where hard copy output (such as blueprints) wont
  fit on standard paper sizes
• using pen and control mechanisms

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Printer Connections

• Serial port
• connection used initially
• Parallel port
• most common printer connection
• manages communications
• sometimes called a Centronics interface
• 25-pin (DB-25) connector

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Printer Connections (continued)

• Universal Serial Bus (USB)
• very popular in todays printer market
• all printers ship with a USB port
• Older Apple PCs use the Apple Desktop Bus (ADB)
• Extended Capabilities Port (ECP)
• higher speed bidirectional communication

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Installing Printers

• Operating systems provide one or more ways to
  install
• Printing is vital to outputting documents in
• word processors
• spreadsheets
• graphics programs

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Installing Printers (continued)

• Windows 2000/XP/Server 2003
• use PnP
• Add/Remove Hardware Wizard Windows 2000
• Add Hardware Wizard Windows XP/Server 2003
• Add Printer Wizard from Control Panel

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Installing Printers (continued)

• UNIX/Linux
• uses a print queue and print spooler
• first define the printer and queue
• use printtool in Red Hat Enterprise Linux

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Installing Printers (continued)

• NetWare
• complex process
• use separate utilities
• modern way use Novell Distributed Print
  Services see Chapter 9

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Installing Printers (continued)

• Mac OS X
• most print drivers are already installed
• use Printer Setup Utility

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Display Adapters

• AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port)
• industry wide acceptance
• enables high-performance graphics capabilities

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Basic Display Adapter Technology

• Basic display
• consists of 640 pixels horizontally and 480
  pixels vertically
• Pixel
• picture element
• small dot of light

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Basic Display Adapter Technology (continued)

• Top-end display adapters
• 1280 X 1024 pixels
• 1600 X 1280
• 2048 X 1536
• Resolution of 640 X 480
• images are displayed with 640 dots of light from
  left to right and 480 dots of light top to bottom

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Basic Display Adapter Technology (continued)

• Bit depth
• dots of light in an inch of display
• all displays have a bit depth of 72 dots per inch
  (dpi
• 640 X 480 is the basic Video Graphics Array (VGA)
  resolution
• New PCs ship with 800 X 600 or greater

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Installing Display Adapters

• Reasons for upgrading a display adapter
• technology changes
• software changes
• personal needs change
• Installing a display adapter bus card is similar
  to installing circuit boards

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Sound Cards

• Two general types
• bus cards
• hardware integrated with the motherboard
• Most sound cards are now built into the
  motherboard

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Other Output Devices

• Digital video
• popular consumer and professional computer-based
  feature
• adapter cards that let you capture and output
  digital video to a camera or VCR are available
• Enhanced sound output is reasonably priced
• Digital audio stream to minidisk or DAT (Digital
  Audio Tape) recorders is available

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Installing Circuit Boards

• To avoid damage, use these guidelines
• Leave the card inside its protective cover
• Disconnect all power to the computer
• Prepare the computer
• Position the card inside its cover, near the
  computer

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Installing Circuit Boards (continued)

• To avoid damage, use these guidelines
  (continued)
• Touch a grounded part of the computer
• Insert the card carefully
• Press it firmly into place

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Summary

• How an OS handles input and output device
  communications
• Most up-to-date drivers from manufacturer
• Installation procedures and configuration wizards
• Installation on Windows, UNIX/Linux, Mac and
  NetWare PCs.
• Learned about standard input devices

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Summary (continued)

• Installation of printer was discussed
• Reviewed the common types of printers
• Most operating systems have tools for installing
  printers
• Discussed other common output devices