The 19952000 interprefectural migration of foreign residents of Japan: salient features and multivar

1
The 1995-2000 interprefectural migration of
foreign residents of Japan salient features and
multivariate explanation

• Yoshitaka Ishikawa (Kyoto University, Japan)
• and
• Kao-Lee Liaw (McMaster University, Canada)
• The 4th International Conference on Population
  Geographies
• at Hong Kong, China, on 12 July, 2007

2
Existing literature focused on foreign residents
in Japan

• ?There has been a proliferation of research since
  the mid-1980s, when massive immigration started.
• ? Foreigner rate is low (1.6), but absolute
  number is large (approximately 2 million).
• ?It is now an important research subject of all
  social sciences including geography.

3
Difficulty in studying migration of foreign
residents in Japan

• ? No comprehensive source general migration
  patterns have remained unknown.
• ? Published Reports of 2000 Census
• 1) specific origins are unknown both for
  immigration and internal migration
• 2) detailed migrants attributes are unknown
• ?special application to Japanese Statistics
  Bureau to obtain micro data samples

4
Three perspectives to explain destination choice
5
Comparison of interprefectural migration between
foreign residents and total population
6
Net-migration rate of Japanese interprefectural
migration, 1995-2000

7
Major foreign residents in Japan(2000)

• Census
  Alien registration
• ethnicity 1,310,545 1,686,444
• (1.03)
  (1.33)
• Korean 528,904 635,269
• Chinese 252,680 335,575
• Brazil 188,190
  254,394
• Filipino 93,352
  144,871
• Others 247,419 316,335

8
General features by major ethnicity
9
General features by educational attainment
10
Nested logit model

• Departure sub-model
• ? dependent variable choice probability of
  stay in, or departure from, the prefecture of
  usual residence in 1995
• ?sample size 69,308 persons
• Destination choice sub-model
• ? dependent variable choice probability of a
  particular destination among 46 prefectures
• ? sample size 42,301 persons

11
Explanatory variables

• Individual attributes ltDe, DCgt age,
  educational attainment, sex, ethnicity, family
  status
• Labour market related ltDe, DCgt employment
  opportunity, income level
• Co-ethnic attraction ltDe, DCgt
• Marital opportunity ltDe, DCgt
• Prefectural size ltDe, DCgt
• Competition with new immigrants ltDe, DCgt
• Spatial separation ltDCgt distance, contiguity
• Inclusive variable ltDegt

12
Why is international marriage in Tohoku region
important?

• ? The stem family system is dominant in such
  region as Tohoku. To maintain this system,
  marriage is essential for household heads son
  as successor.
• ?Due to imbalanced sex ratio, the issue of
  marriage squeeze for male population is serious
  in eastern half of Japan.
• ?Tohoku has both the first and second conditions.
  Unless household heads son find Japanese new
  bride, he tends to look for his bride with
  foreign nationality.

13
New Immigration and Interprefectural Migration
14
Application result of departure submodel
15
Application result of destination choice submodel
16
Conclusion

• Major destinations Nagoya metropolitan area,
  manufacturing stronghold (not Tokyo metropolitan
  area)
• Highly mobile persons Brazilian, graduates from
  university
• Application result of nested logit model
• ltdeparture sub-modelgt ethnicity, age,
  educational attainment, competition with new
  immigrants, co-ethnic attraction
• ltdestination choice sub-modelgt spatial
  separation, prefectural size, employment
  opportunity, co-ethnic attraction

17
Implications of the findings

• Comparison of explanatory power of international
  marraige between new immigration and
  interprefectural migration Role of international
  marriage in the former is larger than that in the
  latter.
• Comparison of migration pattern between foreigner
  and Japanese Net inflow to Tokyo metropolitan
  area for Japanese is much larger than that for
  foreigner.
• ?Interprefectural migration by foreign
  residents has contributed to a reduction of
  monopolar concentration in Tokyo.
• ?hollowization of manufacturing employment
  opportunity may lead to an intensification of
  monopolar concentration in Tokyo.