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PESTIVIRUSES

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... to clinical diagnosis of abortion and the birth of 'hairy shaker' Iambs. ... losses in lambs in anyone year due to CNS damage and poor doers with hairy coats. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: PESTIVIRUSES


1
PESTIVIRUSES
  • PETER H. RUSSELL, BVSc, PhD, FRCPath, MRCVS
  • Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases,
    The Royal Veterinary College,
  • Royal College Street,
  • London NW1 OTU.
  • E-mail Web site

2
LEARNING OBJECTIVESStudents should be able to
  • identify how swine fever virus, bovine virus
    diarrhoea, and border disease of sheep are
    related but yet distinct with regard to
    antigens and pathogenicity.
  • explain the pathogenesis of acute, chronic and
    mucosal disease and how immune tolerant viraemic
    animals affect epidemiology.
  • describe the importance of bovine pestiviruses as
    reproductive pathogens.
  • describe in outline how swine fever virus was
    eradicated and how bovine virus diarrhoea virus
    is controlled in the UK.

3
CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER VIRUS
  • Epidemiology CSFV had a worldwide distribution
    but has now been eradicated from ill Australia,
    NZ., USA and some European countries eg Denmark.
    It can survive in formites and pig meat eg
    sausage.

4
CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER VIRUS
  • Control Eradicated in UK in 1971 but a
    Chinese-like virus (as defined by phylogenetics)
    entered UK in 2000. It almost certainly entered
    via illegally imported pigs from EU. Previous
    control programme started in 1963 with crystal
    violet inactivated vaccine in 1960 followed by
    slaughter policy in 1963. In 1967, reported cases
    down to single figures.

5
BORDER DISEASE VIRUS
  • Pathogenesis

6
BORDER DISEASE VIRUS
  • Epidemiology

7
BORDER DISEASE VIRUS
  • Diagnosis Detection of antibody by ELISA or
    virus by virus isolation in cell culture or by
    antigen detection in ELISA are the common methods
    for BVD diagnosis. This is usually subsequent to
    clinical diagnosis of abortion and the birth of
    'hairy shaker' Iambs.

8
BOVINE VIRUS DIARRHOEA VIRUS and MUCOSAL DISEASE
9
BOVINE VIRUS DIARRHOEA VIRUS and MUCOSAL DISEASE
  • The Virus

10
BVDV
  • non-cytopathogenic cytopathogenic

11
BVDV Disease
12
Severe Haemorrhagic Disease due to BVDV
13
Transmission of BVDV
14
Transplacental infection
15
Persistently infected (PI) animals
  • BVDV PI animals have certain characteristics

16
Persistently infected (PI) animals
  • BVDV PI animals have certain characteristics
  • (cont.)

17
Persistently infected (PI) animals
  • (cont.)

18
Mucosal Disease
19
Mucosal Disease
  • (cont.)

20
The cause of mucosal disease
  • BVDVnc infection

21
The cause of mucosal disease
  • Superinfection with BVDV c
  • Homologous' to persisting virus

22
Diagnosis
23
Control
24
SUMMARY
  • Transplacental infections initiate events which
    have important pathological consequences for all
    three viruses.
  • SFV is notifiable, but has been eradicated, and
    the most recent suspect cases have been due to
    BVD infecting pigs.
  • Border Disease can cause serious losses in
    lambs in anyone year due to CNS damage and poor
    doers with hairy coats. It is advisable to
    eliminate carriers by getting rid of the entire
    crop of lambs that year .
  • BVD is a primary enteric pathogen but also a
    major source of loss through reproductive
    abnormalities. The nc isolates are important in
    establishing persistently infected calves that
    are susceptible to secondary infection with the
    cytopathic isolates to initiate mucosal disease.
    Vaccination of cows before their first
    insemination is recommended.
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