THE AGE OF

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THE AGE OF ABSOLUTE MONARCHS!!
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THE SPANISH ARMADA
1588
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• PHILIP II
• Expand Spanish Influence Across the Globe
• Strengthen the Catholic Church
• Strengthen Inquisition
• Supported Catholic Reformation
• Wanted his power to be ABSOLUTE

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Queen Elizabeth I
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• Religious Intolerance
• Protestants who didnt convert were expelled
• Revolt in the Netherlands - Philip battled
  Protestant Rebels in the Netherlands
• Strengthened the Inquisition
• Protestant Queen Elizabeth became Philips 1
  Enemy

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1588 - 130 Ships, 20,0000 men and 2,400 pieces of
artillery were sent across the English Channel
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It is well known that we fight in Gods cause.
So, when we meet the English, God will surely
arrange matters so threat we can grapple and
board them, either by sending some strange freak
of weather or, more likely, just be depriving the
English of their wits. If we can come to close
quarters Spanish valor and Spanish steel will
make our victory certain.
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• Strange Freak of Weather - storm - destroyed
  the Spanish Armada, before there was ever a
  fight.
• Economic Decline - Philip II resigned his throne
• Costly wars overseas drained Spain of its wealth
• By expelling Muslims and Jews the country lost
  its work base
• Became a country of Beggars
• France Replaced Spain as the Most Powerful
  Country in Europe

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FRENCH ABSOLUTISM
KING HENRY II DIES IN ACCIDENT FRANCIS II -WEAK
REPLACEMENT GUISE TAKE CONTROL OF KING CHARLES IX

• GUISE FAMILY
• CATHOLIC
• CONTROL EASTERN FRANCE

• BURBON FAMILY
• PROTESTANT
• CONROLLED CENTRAL
• FRANCE

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POWER SHIFT

• Charles IX gives Protestants freedom
• Guise family attacks Protestants
• Peace of St. Germaine
• Gives Huguenots freedom
• ST BARTHOLOMEWS DAY MASSACRE
• HENRY NAVARRE BECOMES KING CONVERTS
• EDICT OF NANTES 1598

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THE 30 YEARS WAR
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The Defenestration of Prague
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• Holy Roman Empire had collapsed into several
  small separate states - they didnt listen to the
  Emperor
• Religion - North was Protestant and South was
  Catholic
• Reformation
• Defenestration of Prague - Protestant noblemen
  threw 2 Royal Officials out of a Castle Window in
  Prague.

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• Religious War - Spain and Poland (Catholic
  States) lead by Ferdinand II vs. (Protestant
  Powers) Netherlands and Sweden.

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• Shifted from Religion to Politics
• Allied with each other for there own political
  motives
• For example - Catholic France joined Lutheran
  Sweden against the Hapsburgs of Austria
• Brutal War - Soldiers destroyed crops and homes
  and killed without mercy.

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• PEACE OF WESTPHALIA
• General Peace in Europe
• France gained territory
• Netherlands won Independence
• Swiss Federation won Independence
• Germany divided into 360 Separate States -
  fragmented - each one had its own coinage,
  government, state church and foreign policy
• Prussia emerged as a New Protestant Power
• Austria and Hapsburgs emerged as a strong
  Catholic Power

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LOUIS XIV "THE SUN KING"
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DOMINATE EUROPE
ORDER, STABILITY, AND REFORM IN FRANCE
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• Kept a group of Professional diplomats as his
  advisors. - Cardinal Richelieu
• Denied rights to Huguenots (French Protestants) -
  revoked Edict of Nantes
• - result 200,000 fled France - destroying the
  French Economy and earning him Protestant Enemies

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Cardinal Richelieu
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• Invaded Spanish Netherlands

• Gained 12 fortresses in Holland and isolated the
  Dutch

• ATTACKED NETHERLANDS

• Gained more fortresses

• Sent Army to Rhineland (9 Years War)

Loss - unprepared and showed some serious
problems with the French defenses - Kept Alsace.
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• 1701 - 1714
• The War of Spanish Succession
• fought over who should be rightful King of Spain
• grandson got throne, but could never also get
  French throne
• Lost Colonies in new World except Quebec.

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• Created a Political Alliance with Spain.

• BUILT THE PALACE OF VERSAILLES
• Forced the Nobility to live there
• They had all the privileges they wanted and non
  of the power.
• He had ABSOLUTE CONTROL

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Versailles
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• I depart, France Remains.- Louis XIV
• He wanted his legacy to carry on with his son
  instead after Louis XIV, France began its decline.

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THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
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• Parliament wanted the King to consult them when
  making decisions
• James I his son Charles I, believed in the
  Divine Right of Kings - I will not be content
  that my power be disputed upon.- James I
• Both took action to dissolve Parliament when it
  disagreed with them

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• Puritans wanted to clean out all the unnecessary
  pageantry in the church that was left over from
  Catholicism
• King wanted to keep the church as is with all the
  Glory and Power that came with being the head of
  it
• (Divine Right of Kings)

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CAVALIERS VS ROUNDHEADS

• OLIVER CROMWELL
• PURITANS PARLIAMENT

(CHARLES I)
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• A COMMONWEALTH
• PARLIAMENT - executed Charles I
• Abolished the Monarchy
• Declared Themselves a Republic

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• PURITAN MORALITY
• No music
• Everything is shut on Sunday
• no lewd dancing
• no taverns or gambling
• RELIGIOUS FREEDOM
• welcomed Jews (Hypocritical not to)
• EDUCATION FOR ALL PEOPLE

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When Cromwell died - Charles II was welcomed back
to his throne. He was Popular, and restored the
Taverns and the Original Church of England
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• LONG TERM
• James II - a Catholic took the throne after
  Charles II died - for fear of a new Catholic
  Royal Line - The English had a Bloodless
  Revolution
• THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION - The closest Protestant
  relative was Mary who had married William of
  Orange - they were given the throne if they
  signed the English Bill of Rights
• Created a Limited Monarchy - government in which
  a constitution or legislative body limits the
  monarchs powers

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• Established habeous corpus - no person could be
  held in prison without first being charged with a
  specific crime.
• Toleration Act - limited toleration to Puritans
  Quakers, but not yet Catholics
• THE BEGINNING OF A CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY

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William and Mary signing the Declaration of
Rights