The training program conducted by Alternative to Violence on behalf of the Daphne II project:

1
The training program conducted by Alternative to
Violence on behalf of the Daphne II project

• Marius Råkil
• Clinical psychologist
• Executive director
• Alternative to Violence (ATV), Norway

2
(No Transcript)
3

• INSERIRE I TITOLI

ATV consists of the following projects Treatment
of men who are violent towards their partner and
children Treatment of violent adolescents (10-18
years old) Treatment of children witnessing
violence in their family Treatment of women
exposed to intimate violence Treatment of drug
addicts with violence problems Treatment of women
who use violence against their partners and/or
children Treatment of men and women with an
ethnic minority background Research on the effect
of treatment prospective study
4

• Program structure
• The training program must contain at least 3
• modules
• Theory on violence agaist women and children as
  a phenomenon (the trainees knowledge base)
• The trainees personal history, anticipations and
  attitudes on WAV
• (the need for a personal prcesss as a basis for
  being trained)
• Practical treatment skills
• (interventions, type of questions, exercises,
  and professional attitude)

5

• Part one
• Theoretical considerations on violence
• agaist women and children as a
• phenomenon

6

• Violence as a problem in society
• Violence as a criminal justice problem
• Violence as a social problem
• Violence as a invisible problem
• Violence as a health problem
• Violence as a gender equality problem
• Violence as a human rights problem
• Violence as a democracy problem

7

• INSERIRE I TITOLI
• Different perspectives different understanding
  violence
• against women
• Psychoanalytic approach
• Family therapy / systemic theory
• Cognitive behavioral approach
• "Battering is learned behavior. According to
  social learning theory, behavior is learned in
  two ways through modeling and positive
  reinforcement" (Adams Cayouette, 2002).

8

• INSERIRE I TITOLI

• Different perspectives different understanding
  violence
• against women
• Our recent past Violence does not exsist
  (normalized)
• Profeminist approach (patriarchy)
• Psychiatrys approach (mental illness)

9

• WHY?

• WHY WORK WITH MENS VIOLENCE?
• - Violence against women exists
• Men have to take responsibility for their use of
  violence
• - Women, children men are suffering, they need
  the violence to stop
• - Violence is a problem in all levels of society
• - Socio-economic costs

10

• BASIC VALUES

Basic values- ATV Equality between women and
men Violence is gender-specific The perpetrator
is responsible for the violence Violence is
always dangerous and damaging Violence creates
powerlessness and is also an attempt to reduce
powerlessness Violence in the family is violence
towards children Violence is misuse of
power Violence is a criminal offence Violence is
not blind Violence is not an illness
11

• INSERIRE I TITOLI

Different types of violence? Situational
violence Relational violence Fundamentalist
ic violence Functional/operational
violence Trauma based violence
12

• DEFINITION OF VIOLENCE

Violence is any act directed against another
person, where this act either harms, hurts or
offends in a way that makes the person do
something against his/her will or stop doing
something that he/she would like to do
(Isdal, 2000)
13

• VIOLENCE

Physical violence violence including physical
contact, includes use of weapons Psychological
violence -Direct threats -Indirect
threats -Degrading behaviour -Pathological
jealousy -Controlling behaviour -Isolating
behaviour Material violence to hit doors,
windows, tables, destroy property, throw
objects/food etc. Sexualised violence from
sexual harassment or use of verbal force to
achieve intercourse, to rape Latent violence
violence due to violence. Example because of a
physically violent act 10 years ago his partner
still does not express her opinions nor can she
act freely
14

• Characteristic features of mens violence agaist
  women
• Violence is hierarcical
• (always connected to power structure and systems
  / directed downvards)
• Violence is intelligent
• Violence has rewarding effects to the perpetrator
• Violence is cyclical (transgenerational)

15

• INSERIRE I TITOLI
• Violence being a problem in itself
• Violence serving as a symptom

16

• WHY?

• WHY WORK WITH MENS VIOLENCE?
• - Violence against women exists
• Men have to take responsibility for their use of
  violence
• - Women, children men are suffering, they need
  the violence to stop
• - Violence is a problem in all levels of society
• - Socio-economic costs

17

• BASIC VALUES

• Basic values- ATV
• Equality between women and men
• Violence is gender-specific
• The perpetrator is responsible for the violence
• Violence is always dangerous and damaging
• Violence creates powerlessness and is also an
  attempt to
• reduce powerlessness
• Violence against women is violence towards
  children
• Violence is abuse of power
• Violence is a criminal offence
• Violence is not blind
• Violence is not an illness

18

• WHY DO THEY USE VIOLENCE?

Causes of violence individual level Causes of
violence group level
Causes of violence societal level
Causes of violence violence-related level
19

• CAUSE 1

Causes of violence individual level - Exposed
to violence, witnessed violence - Deficit of
parental care - Parent(s) had alcohol or drug
problems - Laissez faire parenthood, no love or
affection - The sum of his learning experiences
20

• CAUSE 2

• Causes of violence group level
• - Group norms
• - Status in the group
• Group pressure
• (THE MALE COIR)
• - Recognition / acceptance

21

• CAUSE 3

Causes of violence societal level - Gender
roles - Male role model - Role models / ideals in
movies, media, etc. - The individuals lack of
influence/power or perception of powerlessness -
The level of violence in society Poverty, class
distinction
22

• CAUSES 4

Causes of violence violence-related level -
Violence breeds violence - Violence gives
relaxation, power, influence, identity, benefits,
respect - Violence leads to changes in the
relationship and the interaction within the
family (frustration, insecurity, anxiety, stress,
less communication) - Violence leads to contempt,
contempt leads to violence
23

• Characteristic features of mens violence agaist
  women
• Violence is hierarcical
• (always connected to power structure and systems
  / directed downvards)
• Violence is intelligent
• Violence has rewarding effects to the perpetrator
• Violence is cyclical (transgenerational)

24

• INSERIRE I TITOLI
• Violence being a problem in itself
• Violence serving as a symptom

25

• MENS EXPANATIONS

How does the man explain his own
violence? Externalising blaming others
(partner, alcohol, etc.) 2. Denial the
violence has not happened 3. Minimisation it
was only a little quarrel, I barely touched
her 4. Fragmentation mostly Im a good guy,
I have only slapped her a couple of times Why
are these strategies used? ? It makes the
violence possible. Guilt and shame cause active
repression of the violent incidents and so the
violence will no longer seem to be a problem, or
even to have existed.
26

• INSERIRE I TITOLI
• HOW DO MEN WHO USE VIOLENCE PRESENT THEIR
• VIOLENT PROBLEM?
• Being reluctant to talk about the violence
• Blaming the victim(s)
• Family matter
• Mutual responsibility
• Caused by social problems
• Caused by alchohol and drug problems
• The women are responsible

27

• MEETING VIOLENT MEN

How to talk about violence Direct questions No
contempt Understanding Warmth Attentiveness Suppor
tiveness Techniques be attentive and interested,
willing to learn, be concrete and specific (who,
where, how, what, etc.) Ask a lot of questions
ask for details Ask with respect Avoid why?
28

• TREATMENT PRINCIPLES

Treatment principles 1. FOCUS ON
VIOLENCE -Detailed and expanding reconstruction
of the violence (behaviour) 2. FOCUS ON
RESPONSIBILITY -Focus on choices and intentions.
Get in touch with own need for control and own
control strategies (responsibility) 3. FOCUS ON
THE CLIENTS PERSONAL HISTORY -Re-establish the
connection between own life learning on
masculinity, manhood, attitudes towards women
etc, childhood experiences, significant aspects
of adult coping strategies and the use of
violence (connections) 4. RECOGNISING THE
CONSEQUENCES OF THE VIOLENCE -Empathy with the
victims (partner/children) of the violence.
Recognising the pain inflicted on others
(consequences)
29

• VIOLENCE

Physical violence violence including physical
contact, includes use of weapons Psychological
violence -Direct threats -Indirect
threats -Degrading behaviour -Distorted ways of
dealing with own feelings of jealousy -Controllin
g behaviour -Isolating behaviour Material
violence to hit doors, windows, tables, destroy
property, throw objects/food etc. Sexualised
violence from sexual harassment or use of
verbal force to achieve intercourse, to rape
Latent violence violence due to violence.
Example because of a physically violent act 10
years ago his partner still does not express her
opinions nor can she act freely
30
Time out

• Identifying warning signs ( Detailed work on
  getting in contact with bodily, behavioral and
  cognitive signals
• 2. Stop!
• 3. Remove from the situation. Leave the
  room/house completely. Be away for approx 10
  min.
• 4. Calming yourself. Work on tghoughts and things
  to do that helps you to calm down, in opposition
  to those who maketyou angry and on alert.
• 5. Og back again when the time is up, and try to
  continue the interaction, but in a calm and
  respectful way. If the aggression comes back,
  start the time out procedure again.

31

• VIOLENT MEN AS FATHERS

• Work with the mens images of themself as a
  fathers
• How the violence is affecting the child - father
  relationship
• How the violence is affecting the child - mother
  relationship
• How the child is affected by the violence both
  on a short term and long term basis
• Educate the men on the basic needs of children
  within a developmental perspektive and
  how the presence of violence is obstructing the
  coverage of these needs.

32

• References

Råkil, M. (2002). A Norwegian Integrative Model
for the Treatment of Men Who Batter. Family
Violence Sexual Assault Bulletin, 18, (8-14).
San Diego, CA   Råkil, M. (2006). Are men who use
violence against their partners and children good
enough fathers? The need for an integrated child
perspective in the treatment work with the men.
In Humphries, C. Stanley, N. Domestic Violence
and Child Protection. (pp. 190-202) London
Jessica Kingsley Publishers Ltd.
33

• CONTACT INFORMATION

Marius Råkil Alternative to Violence Address
Lilletorget 1, 0184 Oslo, Norway Telephone
47-22114040 Mobile 47 - 91363022 Fax
47-22114011 E-mail marius_at_atv-stiftelsen.no