Security Culture Enhancement Program in Russia Under the RussiaUS Material Protection Control

1
Security Culture Enhancement Program in
RussiaUnder the Russia-US Material Protection
Control Accounting Program(MPCA )

• Gloria de Boer
• Brookhaven National Laboratory
• April 2006

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Background

• Studies of complex human-machine systems
  incidents show that 30-80 of important accidents
  due to human error
• Probability of human error increases in abnormal
  or emergency situation
• Analysis of DOE MPCA unclassified incidents
  shows
• 42 caused by personnel error
• Not using procedures
• Using procedures incorrectly
• 32 attributable to management or administration
  problems
• Inadequate administrative control
• Work organization/planning deficiency
• Inadequate Supervision
• Improper resource allocation
• Policy not adequately defined, disseminated, or
  enforced
• Effective operation of MPCA systems rely heavily
  on the human factor, which is the foundation of
  MPCA Culture

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Goals and Objectives

• Promote an environment in which risk reduction
  achieved by MPCA Upgrades is acknowledged and
  maintained
•  
• To increase understanding of the importance of
  MPCA
• To increase individual responsibility for and
  commitment to effective MPCA
• To enhance line management awareness of MPCA
  issues and the organizational contributions
  required for a strong MPCA Culture
• To reduce MPCA incidents and problems
  attributable to the human factor
• Bottom Line increase MPCA effectiveness/perform
  ance

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Security Culture Definition Basic Principles
Security Culture Working Definition
Security Culture is the assembly of principles,
attitudes, and behavior of individuals and
organizations which serve as a means to ensure
nuclear security
Security Culture Basic Principles

• Responsibility and Commitment MPCA is most
  effective where everyone takes personal
  responsibility for his or her actions in their
  job and is committed to the goal of nuclear
  security.
• Leadership The greatest influences on
  individual performance are the expectations of
  leaders. MPCA is most effective where managers
  and supervisors of the organization demonstrate
  their commitment to the security of nuclear
  materials daily in their words and actions.
• Motivation People achieve high levels of
  performance based largely on the encouragement
  and reinforcement received from leaders, peers,
  and subordinates.
• Learning and Improvement Incidents can be
  avoided by continual self-assessment,
  understanding of the reasons mistakes occur, and
  application of best practices and lessons learned
• Professionalism and Competence MPCA systems
  operate optimally where personnel have the
  qualifications, skills and knowledge to perform
  all aspects of their jobs and respond to all
  contingencies and emergencies

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Project Organization

• Joint Coordinating Committee Working Group on
  Security Culture Issues (2005)
• MPCA Culture Project Team (2001) works as
  Steering Committee
• Training/Education
• Physical Protection
• Material Control and Accounting
• Navy
• Regulatory
• Human Factor/Psychology

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Project Activities

• Nonproliferation Outreach - activities
  (publications, presentations, workshops
  participation) designed to educate professionals
  and the public on the importance of nuclear
  nonproliferation and MPCA
• Coordination with IAEA on Security Culture
  activities
• Education Training Initiatives
• Training Program
• Visual Aids (Videos, Posters)
• Book
• Culture Coordinator Initiative
• MPCA Support Network
• Self-Assessment Using Standards Criteria
• Analysis of MPCA Incidents/Lessons Learned
• Rosatom and Rostekhnadzor Initiatives
  (Regulatory/Inspections)

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Education Training Initiatives

• Universal Module
• Basic Employee Training Module via self
  study/CD-ROM
• Accompanied by video
• Focuses on importance of MPCA at nuclear site
  and role of all staff to support effective MPCA
• Front End Modules
• Integrated into required technical training
• Physical protection experts
• Material control and accounting experts
• Material balance custodians
• Naval officers
• Integrated into University MPCA Degree Programs

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Education Training Initiatives

• Management/Supervisors Training Course
• Course certified to meet professional
  development requirement
• Includes modules on
• Nonproliferation
• Control and accounting
• Physical protection
• Insider/Outsider threats
• Human factor and MPCA
• Effective communication
• Motivation of personnel
• Conflict management

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MPCA Culture Coordinator Initiative
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Culture Coordinator Initiative

• General Responsibilities of Culture Coordinators
  
• MPCA Awareness Promotions - Assist facility
  management plan and implement facility MPCA
  culture enhancement initiatives (e.g.,
  newsletters articles, poster campaigns, videos,
  briefings)
• MPCA Information Dissemination - Disseminate
  MPCA and MPCA Culture information within and
  between organizations and facilities.
• MPCA Culture Training - Ensure implementation of
  the Universal MPCA Culture training module and
  provide information on other MPCA and MPCA
  Culture training courses
• Self-Assessments/Incident Analysis - Participate
  in MPCA self-assessments, incident analysis, and
  lessons-learned programs

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MPCA Culture Coordinator Initiative

• Established at nine Russian nuclear sites
  ranging from research institutes to fuel
  fabrication facilities
• Expansion to three additional sites expected in
  2006
• Culture Coordinator Training
• Achieving organizational change
• Effective Communications
• Conflict management
• Instructor/Presentation skills
• Assessment and analysis skills
• Development of draft one-year workplan
• Russian Steering Committee Members mentor
  Culture Coordinators
• regular phone/email communications
• site visits
• monthly conference calls with committee and
  culture coordinators
• Quarterly Status/Training Meetings with
  US/Russian Team

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MPCA Culture Coordinator Initiative
HIGHLIGHTS

• Participation in quarterly meetings has
  increased 30
• Sites have integrated Universal module into
  on-site MPCA training
• Culture Coordinators are analyzing incidents,
  recommending corrective actions, and sharing
  lessons learned
• Sites have increased positive interaction with
  local GAN inspector
• One site inspector stated that incidents
  decreased by 10
• Various Culture Coordinators have published
  articles in site newsletters and posted
  information on facility websites

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MPCA Culture Coordinator Initiative
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MPCA Culture Coordinator Initiative
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MPCA Culture Coordinator Initiative
ISSUES

• Change in Culture takes time
• Older and more technical staff harder to
  convince
• Additional active participation needed from
  upper management
• Need for integrated approach for Culture
  Coordinator to work with physical protection,
  material control and accounting, and protective
  force staff

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Rosatom and GAN Initiatives

• Rosatom
• Coordinated with DOE offices to support
  Putin-Bush Bratislava comments on importance of
  Security Culture
• Moscow Workshop on Security Culture and Best
  Practices
• JCC Working Group on Security Culture Issues
• Security Culture Definition
• Glossary
• Rostekhnadzor (GAN)
• GAN conducted analysis of needs to (1) improve
  GAN MPCA culture and (2) define role of GAN in
  strengthening MPCA culture throughout the RF
  nuclear industry.
• Have agreed to set of activities, including
• MPCA Culture training for GAN personnel
• Integration of human factor criteria into the
  inspection processes