Fantastic Nutritional Function of Germinated Brown Rice

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Fantastic Nutritional Function ofGerminated
Brown Rice

• Hiroshi Kayahara
• Professor Emeritus of Shinshu University
• Kikuichi Tsukahara
• President of Domer Incorporated

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Concept of Functional Foods

• The functions of foods
• 1) Primary function------Nutritional function
• 2) Secondary function--Preference function
• 3) Tertiary function------Biological function
• The functional foods are the processed foods that
  are designed
• to serve the purpose of improving the efficiency
  of biological
• functions for the modulation of our physiological
  systems.

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Germinated Brown Rice (GBR)
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Comparison of Nutrients in GBR and in White Rice
1)
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GABAs Abilities

• ? To normalize blood pressure
• ? To control the levels of cholesterol and fat in
  the
• blood
• ? To activate the functions of the kidneys, liver
  and
• pancreas
• ? To control glycemia
• ? To improve blood flow to the brain and activate
  the
• metabolism of brain cells
• ? To prevent obesity
• ? To eliminate emotional diseases and anxiety
  disorders
• ?To improve the after-effects of cerebral
  apoplexy

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Physiological Activities in GBR

• Superoxide Scavenging Activity
• Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Activity
• 3) Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity
• 4) Prolylendpeptidase Inhibitory Activity

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• Physiological Activities of GBR 1)

• Superoxide Scavenging Activity (Cytochrome c
  Method)

• Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Activity

• Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity

1) Kozo Nakamura, Su Tian, and Hiroshi
Kayahara. Functionality Enhancement in Germinated
Brown Rice. In Food Flavor and Chemistry
Exploration into the 21 Century, ed. By
A.M.Spanier, F.Shahidi, T.H.Parliament,
C.Mussinan, C.-T.Ho and E.Tratras Cortis,
356-371(2005).
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Superoxide ScavengingActivity(Cytochrome
c Method)
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Superoxide Scavenging Activities 1) of Rice
Extracts
1) Beauchamp, C., Fridovich, I. Superoxide
dismutase Improved assays and an assay
applicable to acrylamide gels. Anal. Biochem.
1971, 44, 276-287.
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Lipoxygenase InhibitoryActivity
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Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Activities 1) of Rice
Extracts
90
80
70
60
50
Inhibitory Activity ()
40
30
20
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IC50 (mg/ml)
0.08
0.08
0.06
0
-1.7
-1.5
-1.3
-1.1
-0.9
-0.7
log Concentration (mg/ml)
1) T. Komoda, Y. Morimitsu, H. Hirota, A. Hiroda.
USF-19A, a new lipoxygenase inhibitor from
Streptomyces sp.. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.
1995, 59, 924-926.
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Tyrosinase InhibitoryActivity
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1) R, Saruno., F, Kato., T, Ikeno. Kojic acid, a
tyrosinase inhibitor from Aspergillus albus.
Agric. Biol. Chem. 1979, 43, 1337-1338.
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Prolylendpeptidase(PEP)Inhibitory
Activity
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• CH3?(CH2)9?CHCH?CH2?CHCH(CH2)6
  

CO
CH3?(CH2)9?CHCH?(CH2)6
7-Octadecenyl-7,10-henicosadienyl ketone
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HPLC Chromatogram of Phenolics in GBR
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Structures of Isolated Compounds 1 and 2
Structures of Isolated Compounds 1 and 2
from Rice
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HPLC Chromatogram of Phenolics in Brown Rice and
GBR
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Conclusions

• 1) Germinated brown rice (GBR) is more nutritious
  and has higher superoxide scavenging,
  lipoxygenase inhibitory, and tyrosinase
  inhibitory activity than both brown rice and
  white rice, which suggests that GBR can
  potentially contribute to prevention of
  life-style related diseases and, hence,
• improvement of human health.

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2) GBR also inhibits prorylendpeptidase
activity leading to possible prevention of
Alzheimers disease.

• 3) During germination, amounts of insoluble
  phenolic compounds are reduced and free phenolic
  acids in GBR increases significantly, thereby
  enhancing the functionality of GBR.

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Can you believe that such nutritional and
health benefits can be obtained by eating GBR
which is delicious and can be produced easily at
home by soaking brown rice into lukewarm water
for 21 hours?Can you also believe that you can
taste GBR outside of this stadium after this
seminar?