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CNS Tumors

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Nerve & tract deficits, Paralysis, seizures etc. Raised Intracranial Pressure. ... Neoplasms of Nerve sheath. Secondary neoplasms (Metastasis) Mesodermal Neoplasms: ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: CNS Tumors


1
Life is 10 of what happens to you, and 90 of
how you respond to it.
2
CNS Tumors
  • Dr. Venkatesh M. Shashidhar, MD
  • Senior Lecturer in Pathology
  • Fiji School of Medicine
  • SUVA, Fiji Islands.

3
Characteristics
  • Limited space.
  • Vital structures.
  • Location determines clinical features than the
    tumor itself.

4
Clinical features
  • Local Compression Infiltration
  • Nerve tract deficits, Paralysis, seizures etc.
  • Raised Intracranial Pressure.
  • Headache, vomiting, slow pulse, papilloedema.

5
  • Neurons being incapable of regeneration do not
    give rise to neoplasms.
  • (Permanent cells)

6
Classification
  • Neuroectodermal neoplasms
  • Mesodermal neoplasms
  • Neoplasms of Developmental structures
  • Neoplasms of Nerve sheath
  • Secondary neoplasms (Metastasis)

7
Mesodermal Neoplasms
  • Meningiomas - From meninges.
  • Gliomas - From neuroglia
  • Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes ependyma.
  • Others
  • Tumors of blood vessels
  • Tumors of bone
  • Tumors of Fibroblasts

8
Meningioma
  • Arise from meningothelial cells of arachnoid
    granulations.
  • Adjacent to venous sinuses.
  • Form whorls of cells Well differentiated.
  • Psammoma bodies in the center of whorls
  • capsulated, slow growing (Benign)
  • Effect by pressure.
  • No infiltration or metastasis (Benign).

9
Meningioma
10
Meningioma
11
Meningioma
12
Meningioma
13
Meningioma
14
Meningioma
15
Meningioma
16
Glioma
  • Gliomas are neoplasms of glial cells.
  • Astrocytoma Commonest benign tumors with
    malignant behavior.
  • Ependymoma Rare, 4th ventricle.
  • Oligodendroglioma Benign, adults, rare.

17
Astrocytoma
  • Astrocytoma Commonest tumors of adults. (80)
  • Well differentiated, slow growing.
  • Benign - but malignant behavior.
  • Infiltrative, poor demarcation
  • Glioblastoma Multiforme - Malignant form of
    Astrocytoma.

18
Glioma Brain Stem
19
Glioma Cerebrum
20
Glioma
21
Glioma
22
Cystic Astrocytoma
23
Glioblastoma Multiforme
24
Glioma Cerebrum
25
Glioma
26
Glioma
27
Astrocytoma
28
Glioblastoma Multiforme
29
Glioblastoma Multiforme
30
Schwannoma Cerebellum
31
Ependymoma Cerebellum
32
Ependymoma-hemorrhage
33
Ependymoma - Myxopapillary
34
Ependymoma
35
Neuroectodermal Tumors
  • Origin from primitive blast cells.
  • Rosettes - attempted nerve formation.
  • Medulloblastoma Cerebellum
  • Retinoblastoma - Retina
  • Neuroblastoma Adrenal glands
  • Ganglioneuroma - Mediastinum

36
Medulloblastoma
37
Medulloblastoma
38
Nerve Sheath Tumors
  • Neurofibroma
  • Epi endoneurial fibroblasts.
  • Form whorls of fibroblasts with nerves
  • Well differentiated, benign, capsulated.
  • Schwannoma
  • Schwann cells, form whorls
  • Nuclear palisading

39
Neurilemmoma
40
Schwannoma
41
Schwannoma
42
Schwannoma
43
Spinal Ependymoma
44
Schwannoma Cerebellum
45
Brain Metastasis - (lung)
46
MetastasisMelanoma
47
Thank you...
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