Principles of Information Systems Eighth Edition - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 50
About This Presentation
Title:

Principles of Information Systems Eighth Edition

Description:

Most search engines are free. Searches can use words, such as AND and OR to refine the search ... Brief text messages can be sent between two or more cell phone users ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:381
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 51
Provided by: course179
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Principles of Information Systems Eighth Edition


1
Principles of Information SystemsEighth Edition
  • Chapter 7
  • The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets

2
Why Learn About the Internet?
  • Internet is an important part of most peoples
    lives
  • Individuals can investigate career opportunities
  • Businesses sell and advertise online
  • Employees can communicate with coworkers and
    bosses

3
Use and Functioning of the Internet
  • Internet a collection of interconnected
    networks, all freely exchanging information
  • ARPANET
  • Ancestor of the Internet
  • Project started by the U.S. Department of Defense
    (DoD) in 1969

4
Use and Functioning of the Internet (continued)
  • Internet Protocol (IP) communication standard
    that enables traffic to be routed from one
    network to another as needed
  • Research to make Internet faster and easier to
    use
  • Digital objects allow all types of computer
    systems to use and share programs and data
  • Internet2 (I2), Next Generation Internet (NGI),
    Abilene provide Internet speeds of up to 2 Gbps
    or more

5
Use and Functioning of the Internet (continued)
Table 7.1 A Brief History of the Internet
6
How the Internet Works
  • Internet transmits data from one computer (called
    a host) to another
  • If the receiving computer is on a network to
    which the first computer is directly connected,
    it can send the message directly
  • If the receiving computer is not on a network to
    which the sending computer is connected, the
    sending computer relays the message to another
    computer that can forward it

7
How the Internet Works (continued)
  • Data is passed in chunks called packets
  • Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) widely used
    transport layer protocol that is used in
    combination with IP by most Internet applications
  • Uniform Resource Locator (URL) assigned address
    on the Internet for each computer

8
How the Internet Works (continued)
  • Accessing the Internet
  • Connect via LAN server
  • Connect via Serial Line Internet Protocol
    (SLIP)/Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
  • Connect via an online service
  • Other ways to connect cell phones, PDAs, and home
    appliances e.g., wireless application protocol
    (WAP) for cell phones

9
How the Internet Works (continued)
Figure 7.1 Routing Messages over the Internet
10
How the Internet Works (continued)
Table 7.2 U.S. Top-Level Domain Affiliations
11
How the Internet Works (continued)
Figure 7.2 Internet Growth Number of Internet
Domain Names
12
How the Internet Works (continued)
Figure 7.3 Several Ways to Access the Internet
13
Internet Service Providers
  • Internet service provider (ISP) any company that
    provides individuals or organizations with access
    to the Internet
  • Most charge a monthly fee
  • Many ISPs and online services offer broadband
    Internet access through digital subscriber lines
    (DSLs), cable, or satellite transmission

14
The World Wide Web
  • Also called the Web, WWW, or W3
  • Menu-based system that uses the client/server
    model
  • Organizes Internet resources throughout the world
    into a series of menu pages, or screens, that
    appear on your computer
  • Hypermedia tools that connect the data on Web
    pages, allowing users to access topics in
    whatever order they wish

15
The World Wide Web (continued)
  • Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) standard page
    description language for Web pages
  • HTML tags let the browser know how to format
    text on a Web page and whether images, sound, and
    other elements should be inserted
  • Extensible Markup Language (XML) markup language
    for Web documents containing structured
    information, including words, pictures, and other
    elements

16
The World Wide Web (continued)
Figure 7.4 Sample Hypertext Markup Language
17
Web Browsers
  • Web browser software that creates a unique,
    hypermedia-based menu on a computer screen,
    providing a graphical interface to the Web
  • Menu consists of graphics, titles, and text with
    hypertext links
  • Popular Web browsers Microsoft Internet
    Explorer, Netscape Navigator, Mozilla Firefox,
    Apple Computers Safari
  • Applet small program embedded in Web pages
  • Web browser plug-in external program that is
    executed by a Web browser when it is needed

18
Search Engines and Web Research
  • Search engine Web search tool
  • Examples Yahoo.com, Google.com
  • Most search engines are free
  • Searches can use words, such as AND and OR to
    refine the search
  • Meta-search engine submits keywords to several
    individual search engines and returns results
    from all these search engines

19
Search Engines and Web Research (continued)
Table 7.6 Popular Search Engines
20
Web Programming Languages
  • Java
  • Object-oriented programming language from Sun
    Microsystems based on C
  • Allows small programs (applets) to be embedded
    within an HTML document

21
Web Programming Languages (continued)
Figure 7.6 Downloading an Applet from a Web
Server
22
Web Programming Languages (continued)
  • Other programming languages used to develop Web
    sites
  • JavaScript
  • VBScript
  • ActiveX
  • Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP)

23
Developing Web Content
  • Suggestions for creating a Web page
  • Computer must be linked to a Web server
  • Web browser program needed to view the HTML pages
    you create
  • Options for designing the Web page
  • Write your copy with a word processor, and use an
    HTML converter to convert the page into HTML
    format
  • Use an HTML editor to write text and add HTML
    tags
  • Edit an existing HTML template to meet your needs
  • Use an ordinary text editor and type the start
    and end tags for each item

24
Developing Web Content (continued)
  • Suggestions for creating a Web page (continued)
  • See HTML page in browser correct any mistakes
  • Add links to your home page
  • Store pictures as files before adding them
  • Draw them using a graphics software package
  • Copy pictures from other Web pages (with
    permission)
  • Buy a disk of clip art
  • Scan photos
  • Use a digital camera

25
Developing Web Content (continued)
  • Suggestions for creating a Web page (continued)
  • Add sound by using a microphone connected to your
    computer to create a file, and then adding a link
    to the file on a Web page
  • Upload the HTML file to your Web site
  • Review the Web page to make sure that all links
    are correctly established to other Web sites
  • Advertise your Web page to others and encourage
    them to take a look and send feedback by e-mail

26
Web Services
  • Web services standards and tools that streamline
    and simplify communication among Web sites for
    business and personal purposes
  • XML is used within a Web page to describe and
    transfer data between Web service applications

27
Internet and Web Applications
  • The types of Internet and Web applications
    available are vast and ever expanding

28
Business Uses of the Web
  • In 1991, Commercial Internet Exchange (CIX)
    Association was established to allow businesses
    to connect to the Internet
  • Firms use the Internet for many types of
    applications

29
E-Mail, Instant Messaging, and Push Technology
  • E-mail
  • No longer limited to simple text messages
  • Can embed sound and images
  • Can attach files
  • Instant messaging online, real-time
    communication between two or more people who are
    connected to the Internet
  • Push technology automatic transmission of
    information over the Internet rather than make
    users search for it with their browsers

30
E-Mail, Instant Messaging, and Push Technology
(continued)
Table 7.7 Some Common Abbreviations Used in
Personal E-Mail
31
Internet Cell Phones and Handheld Computers
  • Cell phones connected to the Internet allow
    people to search for information, buy products,
    and chat with business associates and friends
  • Short Message Service (SMS) or texting
  • Brief text messages can be sent between two or
    more cell phone users
  • Handheld computers and other devices are
    connected to the Internet using phone lines or
    wireless connections

32
Career Information and Job Searching
  • Use search engines to look for specific companies
    or industries
  • Internet sites specialize in helping you find job
    information and apply for jobs online
  • Examples www.monster.com, www.hotjobs.com, and
    www.careerbuilder.com

33
Telnet and FTP
  • Telnet terminal emulation protocol that enables
    users to log on to other computers on the
    Internet to gain access to public files
  • File Transfer Protocol (FTP) protocol that
    describes a file transfer process between a host
    and a remote computer and allows users to copy
    files from one computer to another

34
Web Log (Blog), Video Log (Vlog), and Podcasting
  • Web log or blog Web site that people create and
    use to write about their observations,
    experiences, and feelings on a wide range of
    topics
  • Video log or vlog video content placed on the
    Internet using the same overall approach as a
    blog
  • Podcast audio broadcast over the Internet
  • People and corporations use podcasts to listen to
    audio material, increase revenues, or advertise
    products and services

35
Usenet and Newsgroups
  • Usenet system closely allied with the Internet
    that uses e-mail to provide a centralized news
    service
  • Protocol that describes how groups of messages
    can be stored on and sent between computers
  • Newsgroups online discussion groups that focus
    on specific topics

36
Chat Rooms
  • Chat room enables two or more people to engage
    in interactive conversations over the Internet
  • Internet Relay Chat (IRC) requires participants
    to type their conversation rather than speak
  • Voice chat allows participants to speak their
    conversation
  • Must have a microphone, sound card, speakers, a
    fast modem or broadband, and voice-chat software
    compatible with the other participants

37
Internet Phone and Videoconferencing Services
  • Internet phone service
  • Relatively inexpensive, especially for
    international calls
  • Voice-over-IP (VoIP) technology
  • Network managers can route phone calls and fax
    transmissions over the same network they use for
    data
  • Internet videoconferencing
  • Supports both voice and visual communications
  • Webcasts or Webinars

38
Content Streaming
  • Method for transferring multimedia files, radio
    broadcasts, and other content over the Internet
  • Data stream of voice and pictures plays more or
    less continuously without a break, or with very
    few breaks
  • Enables users to browse large files in real time
  • Works best when the transmission of a file can
    keep up with the playback of the file

39
Shopping on the Web
  • You can shop for almost anything over the
    Internet
  • Convenient, easy, and cost effective
  • Many Web sites also offer free shipping and
    pickup for returned items
  • Bot a software tool that searches the Web for
    information, products, or prices
  • Finds the best prices or features from multiple
    Web sites

40
Web Auctions
  • Web auction Internet site that matches buyers
    and sellers
  • Businesses grow or reach customers for a low cost
    per transaction
  • One of the most popular auction sites eBay
  • Potential problems with auction Web sites
  • Auction sites cannot always determine whether the
    people and companies listing products and
    services are legitimate
  • Some Web sites have illegal or questionable items
    offered

41
Music, Radio, Video, and TV on the Internet
  • Audio and video programs play on the Internet or
    download files for later use
  • Music players and music formats such as MP3
    download music from the Internet and listen to it
    anywhere
  • Musicians can gain exposure without a lucrative
    music contract
  • Radio broadcasts
  • Audio books

42
Music, Radio, Video, and TV on the Internet
(continued)
  • Video and TV are increasingly becoming available
    on the Internet
  • New, innovative devices let you record TV
    programs and view them at any time and place
  • Many content providers offer their programs over
    the Internet

43
Office on the Web
  • Internet office Web site that contains files,
    phone numbers, e-mail addresses, an appointment
    calendar, and more
  • Allows your desktop computer, phone books,
    appointment schedulers, and other important
    information to be with you wherever you are
  • Many services and software products give you
    remote access to your files and programs over the
    Internet

44
Internet Sites in Three Dimensions
  • Some Web sites offer three-dimensional views of
    places and products
  • Examples
  • 3-D Internet auto showroom allows people to get
    different views of a car
  • 3-D real estate site people can tour the
    property, go into different rooms, etc.

45
Other Internet Services and Applications
  • Libraries provide vast amounts of information
  • Movies ordered and delivered over the Internet
  • Critical information during times of disaster or
    terrorism
  • Translation words, sentences, or complete
    documents from one language into another

46
Other Internet Services and Applications
(continued)
  • Distance learning online courses
  • Internet cameras conduct job interviews hold
    group meetings with people around the world
    monitor young children at daycare centers, etc.
  • Connect with friends or others with similar
    interests

47
Intranets and Extranets
  • Intranet internal corporate network built using
    Internet and World Wide Web standards and
    products
  • Used by employees to gain access to corporate
    information
  • Reduces the need for paper

48
Intranets and Extranets (continued)
  • Extranet network based on Web technologies that
    links selected resources of a companys intranet
    with its customers, suppliers, or other business
    partners
  • Virtual private network (VPN) secure connection
    between two points across the Internet
  • Tunneling process by which VPNs transfer
    information by encapsulating traffic in IP
    packets over the Internet

49
Intranets and Extranets (continued)
Table 7.9 Summary of Internet, Intranet, and
Extranet Users
50
Net Issues
  • Management issues
  • Preventing attacks
  • Service and speed issues
  • Keeping up with Internet traffic and traffic on
    company intranets
  • Privacy
  • Fraud
  • Security
  • Unauthorized Internet sites
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com