Successful Climate Policies A Swedish Perspective

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Successful Climate Policies A Swedish
Perspective
Josephine Bahr LjungdellDirector, International
secretariat
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Total energy supply in Sweden 2007
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Current Energy Supply
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Oil dependence in different sectors
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BNP in relation to emissions
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Main policy instruments in different areas (1)

• Promoting renewables
• Renewable electricity certificates/obligation
• CO2-tax
• Subsidies for new technologies
• Promoting energy efficiency
• Energy taxes
• Legal demands on buildings
• Subsidy programs
• Voluntary agreements with tax refund

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Main policy instruments in different areas (2)

• Reducing emissions of greenhouse gases
• CO2-tax
• Emission trading
• Subsidies
• Research, Development, Demonstration,
  Dissemination
• International Cooperation

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Renewable electricity certificates

• Tradable certificates combined with mandatory
  share of renewable energy sources for electricity
  users
• Financial instrument, introduced in 2003
• Cost efficient support system
• Independent of state finances

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Certificate Trade Principles
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Emission trading system

• A part of the European Climate Change Programme
  (ECCP), 2005
• Main purpose to contribute to the unions target
  in a cost-effective way plus preparing for the
  Kyoto Protocol
• Part of the UN system, 2008

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Carbon taxes in Sweden
SEK/kg CO2
Common level
Common level
industri
Industry level
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Historical taxes on oil and coal in Sweden
SEK/m3 tonne
Oil
Coal
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Programme for Energy Intense Industry - PFE

• Industry gets tax exemption on electricity
• In return, the companies have to improve their
  energy efficiency
• 126 companies participate, using in total 30 TWH
  electricity per year (2004).

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Swedish Energy ResearchFocus areas

• Buildings as energy systems
• Energy intensive industry
• Transport sector
• Electricity generation and distribution
• Bioenergy including CHP (Combined Heat Power)
• Energy system studies

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Cleantech enterprises in Sweden
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Thank you for your attention!
josephine.bahr_at_swedishenergyagency.se