OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES

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OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
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Kesihatan Pekerjaan

• Mengalakkan dan mengekalkan ketinggian tahap
  fizikal,mental dan kehidupan sosial setiap
  pekerja di dalam apa saja pekerjaan.
• Menghalang dari berlakunya gangguan kesihatan
  setiap pekerja yang disebabkan oleh situasi
  pekerjaan.
• Melindungi setiap pekerja dari risiko dalam
  pekerjaan yang disebabkan oleh faktor-faktor
  yang mengganggu kesihatan..
• Meletakkan dan mengekalkan setiap pekerja dalam
  pekerjaan yang bersesuaian dengan keupayaan
  fisiologikal dan psikologikal pekerja.
• MENYESUAIKAN PEKERJAAN KEPADA PEKERJA DAN
  SETIAP PEKERJA KEPADA PEKERJAAN NYA

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HAZARDS

• GROUPS OF HAZARDS
• Physical ( heat, cold, noise, fire )
• Chemical ( solids, gases, fumes, vapours )
• Radiations ( ionizing, non-ionizing )
• Biological ( bacteria, viruses, parasites )
• Psychological ( stress, boredom, fear )

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Occupational diseases

• Diseases caused by, made worse or having a higher
  incidence due to work work related

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PNEUMOCONIOSIS

• DUST INHALATION
• SCARRING OF LUNG BENIGN
• LOSS OF LUNG CAPACITY
• Sometimes..death
• Eg. Asbestos, silica,coal,
• Mining, mineral processing, constructions

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OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA

• Sensitisers eg Isocyanates, epoxy resins
• Chemical asthma
• Can be long lasting
• Leave industry
• Paint, polyurethane foam

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Other respiratory diseases

• Byssinosis
• Chronic respiratory diseases
• Allergic response to the bacteria in the leaves
• Cotton industries
• Chest tightness and shortness of breath
• first day of the week or through working week

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White finger diseases( raynauds )

• Caused by vibration
• damage to blood vessels
• poor circulation
• can be debilitating
• Examples timber industry construction

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HEAVY METALS

• Eg LEAD
• affect nervous system
• Affect kidneys
• Affect production of RBC
• Damage foetus ( teratogenic )
• Manufature of Battery, radiator, ammunition

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CANCER

• Many substances known or suspected
• Long latency
• Asbestos ( Mining, manufacturing )
• Benzene ( Petrochemical )
• PAHs - Petrochemical, coal burning
• Arsenic, Chromium, Nickel

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DERMATITIS

• SKIN SENSITISATION OR IRRITATION
• IRRITANT EFFECTS
• ALLERGIC REACTION
• PHOTO SENSITISATION
• Eg Nickel, oils, coal tar,

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Dermatitis

• Dermatitis
• Any inflammation of the skin
• Contact dermatitis
• Results from contact with agent
• Irritant contact dermatitis
• Only skin in contact with agent is inflamed
• Allergic contact dermatitis
• Results from skin contact with sensitising agent.
  Appears similar to irritant
• Photo contact dermatitis
• Results from increased UV absorption following
  contact with chemical

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CHEMICAL AGENTS

• CORROSIVES
• Corrosives cause immediate destruction
• Eg Hydrofluoric acid, Sodium hydroxide
• STRONG IRRITANTS
• Less destructive than corrosives
• Eg Organic acids, tar
• ORGANIC SOLVENTS
• Remove fat
• Cause drying and cracking
• Eg Toluene, xylene

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CHEMICAL AGENTS

• OILS
• Significant cause
• Block hair follicles
• Cause infection and inflammation
• OTHER CHEMICALS
• Many examples in many industries
• Eg Nickel Chromium salts Epoxy resin
  Photographic soln Hair dressing soln
  Cement Detergents

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CHEMICAL AGENTS

• CARCINOGENIC SUBSTANCES
• Skin cancer caused by range of chemicals
• Eg PAHs in tar, some arsenic cpds
• PHOTOSENSITISER
• Skin reacts to sunlight following contact with
  substances Eg Creosote, coal tar pitch asphalt

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ZOONOSIS

• Animal diseases transmitted to man
• Spread by tissue, urine, faeces and blood
• Vector eg Mosquitoes, flies, birds
• Eg Q fever, leptospirosis, brucellosis
• Risk Occupation Farm Veterinary
  Abattoir

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HIV ( AIDS )

• Viral disease- destroys immune system
• Body fluids
• Spread via sexual contact, through broken skin,
  transfusion.
• At risk sex industry, emergency workers,
  health care, IV drug user

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HEPATITIS B

• Viral Disease
• Liver damage .. Cancer
• Body fluids..transmission
• Spread as per HIV
• At risk as per HIV