Endocrine Glands

1
Endocrine Glands
2
I. Pituitary Gland
A. Posterior (Neurohypophysis)

• 2 hormones ADH (Vasopressin) Oxytocin

• Neurohormones -gt hypothalamus

Axons extend to posterior pit (capillaries)
1. ADH reduce volume of urine

• Trigger solute concentration

• Target Kidney

Vasopressin increases blood
press

• Trigger decrease in bp

• Target arterioles

3
(No Transcript)
4
(No Transcript)
5
(No Transcript)
6
Underproduction of ADH

• diabetes insipidus

2. Oxytocin
Contraction of uterine smooth
muscle / milk ejection

• Trigger delivery/nursing

• Target same

B. Anterior Pituitary (Adenohypophysis)
1. Secretion pathway

• Releasing Hormone (Hypothalamus)

• primary capillaries -gt secondary

• diffuses to Ant Pit -gtsecretes hormone

7
(No Transcript)
8
2. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

• Trigger Stress or cold

• tropic

TRH? TSH? Thyroid gland
(target)
3. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
MSH
Lipotropin
Endorphins

• pro-opiomelanocortin

• Trigger stress / low blood glucose

9
(No Transcript)
10

• CRH ? ACTH ? Adrenal cortex

4. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
5. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

• Target gonads

• release of reproductive hormones

• lead to production of gametes (cAMP)

• GnRH ? LH FSH ? gonads

6. Prolactin
stimulates development of mammary
glands milk

• Trigger Nursing

• Target same

11
At target prolactin
phosphorylates receptor
(also enhances
progesterone release)

• PRH ?Prolactin (inhibited by PIH)

7. Growth hormone (GH)
Growth regulates metabolism
a. Protein synthesis
b. Breakdown lipids
c. Increase glycogen synthesis

• Trigger stress/ low blood glucose

• Target most cells

• GHRH ? GH (inhibited by GHIH)

12
(No Transcript)
13
GH phosphorylates receptor
Growth affect of GH

• receptors on liver

somatomedins
Skeletal muscles / cartilage

• Underproduction of GH

Pituitary dwarfism

• Overproduction of GH

Giantism or acromegaly
8. Lipotropin

Breaks down fat in adipose
Trigger
14
9. Endorphins

• analgesic role

• possible functions body temp reg.

Food intake, water balance
10. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
Stimulate melanocytes increase melanin