PLANETARY NEBULAE AND ALMA Patrick Huggins, New York University

1
JETS AND TORI IN PROTO-PNE
Observations vs Theory
Patrick Huggins New York University
2
Outline two questions

• Part I. Observations Are jets and tori
  related ?
• examine time domain
• find evidence for a torus-jet sequence
• Part II. What are the implications for jet
  formation scenarios ?

3
Jets and tori are traumatic events in the AGBPN
transition Example AFGL 618 (Trammell
Goodrich 2002) High velocity jets, well-defined
tips plus a dense torus the last major mass
ejection How do we investigate the ejection
sequence ? Determine the age of each component
4
Expansion Ages

• Expansion age of jets
• t jet r / V optical or molecular lines
  need tilt
• or from optical proper motions of tip
• Expansion age of torus
• t torus r / V molecular lines
  need high resolution tilt use peak
  or mean for r
• important

Note The tori in some cases may be more
spherical with the holes pierced by the jets.
Soker Rappaport (2000)
argued that the tori are formed by jets
snow-plowing the AGB wind but the high masses
and high mass-loss rates argue for something
different.
5
M 1-16
KjPn 8
100 x 60
900 x 360
Ha Lopez 97
40 x 40
Ha Schwarz 92
12 x 12
CO 2-1
CO 1-0
Huggins et al. 04
Forveille et al. 98
6
Summary of Observations
young PN
AGB
low V torus
DATA Forveille et al. 1998, Meaburn 1997,
Huggins et al. 2000, Schwarz 1992, Zweigle et al.
1997, Schwarz et al. 1997, Bujarrabal et al.
1998, Alcolea et al. 2007, Castro-Carrizo et al.
2002, Huggins et al. 2004, Riera et al. 2003,
Hirano et al. 2004, Cox et al. 2003, Trammell
Goodrich 2002, Sanchez Contreras et al. 2004,
Chiu et al. 2006
7
Expansion Ages of Jets and Tori

• Jets tori nearly simultaneous
• Jets appear slightly younger
• t tori t jets likely true ages If so,
  jets occur later jet-lag 300 yrpower-up or
  accretion time?
• If jets accelerate look younger
• could be simul. not likely for ensemble
• If jets decelerate look older
• jet-lag is longer

error bars inclinations, proper motions, or
resolution
Tori are massive with low velocities
Well-studied jets typically exhibit Hubble flows
8
Evolutionary Sequence
jets
tori
Dt Dr / Vtorus
now
All cases are similar jets are launched with or
shortly after torus ejection
9
Part II Implications of These Results for Theory

• Current popular theoretical ingredients
• mhd jets disks primary/secondary common
  envelopes
• Lead to four basic jet formation scenarios
• mhd winds of single stars
• binary accretion disks
• winds/explosions of spun-up stars
• disks around the primary cores

Each scenario has specific implications for torus
formation That we can test
10
1. Magnetic winds from single stars?

• Current models
• can produce jets
• unclear if they can produce sudden jets
• recent models do not produce co-ordinated jets
  and tori dense equators are input
  independently
• evaluation do not adequately produce jet-torus
  relations found here

Garcia-Segura et al. (2005)
11
2. Accretion disks of binary companions?

• Natural mechanism for the mass in equatorial
  plane
• Natural causal and temporal relation of torus to
  jets
• enhanced mass-loss feeds accretion disk disk
  makes jets
• Natural explanation of jet-lag
• time to spiral into companion
• reasonable parameters give 100 yr
• Q No general explanation for onset of discrete
  torus
• could be tidal spin-up of the primary needs
  futher study

viscous accretion time
?
Morris (1987), Soker Rappaport (2000)
12
3. Magnetic/hydro effects in common envelopes?

• MHD wind from spin-up CE ejection
• expect short time scales can it produce jet-lag
  ?
• can CE ejection produce low velocity tori ?
• Variation CE MHD explosion for jets and torus
  
• expect short time scales can it produce jet-lag
  ?
• can explosions produce low velocity tori ?
  
• Hybrid companion accretion disk CE ejection
  
• wrong sequence !

?
?
Nordhaus Blackman (2006), Matt et al. (2006)
13
4. Accretion disks around the primary?

• (Low mass comp.) CE primary accretion disk
  later nebula ejection
• jets and tori un-coordinated !
  
  
• wrong sequence !
  
• (Intermed. mass comp.) CE ejection primary
  accretion disk
• correct sequence
• short time scale jet-lag ?
  
• CE ejection RLOF of secondary to form primary
  accretion disk
• correct sequence
  
• expected time scale too long !

?
Soker Livio (1994), Soker (1996), Reyes-Ruiz
Lopez (1999), Nordhaus Blackman (2006)
14
Summary

• Jets and tori are nearly simultaneous
• Evidence for a torus-jet sequence with jet-lag
• Results constrain scenarios
• Question can CE ejection/explosions explain low
  velocity of tori ?