Navigation

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Navigation
Tutor Horace Sammut
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Supplementary Information

• Date of publication.

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Supplementary Information

• The date of small corrections.

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Notice to Mariners
The web site for Notice to Mariners is shown below

• http//www.mma.gov.mt/notices_mariners.asp

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Chart Symbology

• The most common type of charts used in Malta are
  those produced by the British Admiralty. In
  order to ensure that the symbols used on the
  chart are well understood, the Admiralty has
  published the so-called chart 5011, which is in
  fact a booklet.

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Chart Symbology

• This booklet, titled SYMBOLS AND ABBRAVIATIONS
  USED ON ADMIRALTY CHARTS contains all the
  symbols which you may encounter. Many of these
  symbols are common to other chart authorities.

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Chart Symbology

• The abbreviations used consist of groups of
  letters and symbols are small pictures or icons.
• Sometimes one can find symbols and abbreviations
  as a group.

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Seabed Information

• Charts contains a large amount of information
  about the seabed in the area shown. Firstly,
  colour coded areas or contours are used to give a
  general idea of the depth. In the example, the
  colour code is explained as follows

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Seabed Information

• Green areas are exposed at low tide.

• Dark blue are areas between 0 and
  10 metres

• Light blue between 10 and 20 metres

• White is used for areas in excess of 20 metres.

Note in different charts there can be different
values of colour codes, thus one have to study
the chart before starting working on.
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Seabed Information

• Where this format of number are found 152 means
  that a measurement, or sounding, of 15.2 metres
  was made in this location.

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Abbreviations

• Small sets of letters give an idea of the type of
  material which the seabed consists of.
• S indicates Sand.
• fS indicates fine Sand. 
• BkSh indicates Broken Shells. 
• M indicates Mud.
• R indicates Rock.

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Symbols

• Underwater rock with 2m or less of water over it
  at Chart Datum.

• Rock awash at the level of Chart Datum.

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Symbols

• Wreck over which the depth has been obtained by
  sounding. 

• Wreck not considered dangerous to surface
  navigation.

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Symbols

• Wreck considered dangerous to surface navigation.

• Fishing is prohibited in that area.

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Symbols

• Anchoring is prohibited in that area.

• Submarine pipe line. 

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Symbols

• In General, an area denoting danger.
• Normally the reason for danger will be written in
  the symbol.