Design and Optimization of Precipitated Silica for Reinforcing Rubber

1
Design and Optimization of Precipitated Silica
for Reinforcing Rubber
Chetan Suryawanshi, Chunyan Chen and Dale W.
Schaefer, Department of Materials Science
Engineering University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati,
OH 45221-0012, Peyman Pakdel Bridgestone/Fireston
e Inc 1200 Firestone Parkway Arkon, OH
44317-0001 Lou Gatti J.M Huber Corporation 907
Revolution Street P.O Box 310 Havre De Grace, MD
21078 Jan Ilavsky National Institutes of
Standards and Technology Advanced Photon
Source Argonne National Labroratory, 9700 South
Cass Avenue Argonne, IL 60439 Peter R.
Jemian University Of Illinois At
Urbana-Champaign Advanced Photon Source Argonne
National Labroratory, 9700 South Cass
Avenue Argonne, IL 60439
2
Reinforced Elastomers
1 ?m
Surface Treatment
Polymer
Additives
Filler
Mastication
Forming
Flame or Solution Synthesis
3
Structural Complexity
10m
What Controls agglomerate size? When do they
form? What controls fragility?
Agglomerates
1m
How does Silica/Carbon Reinforce? What is the
optimum structure?
Aggregates
What controls aggregate size? What is the optimum
size
What is the optimum primary? Are the primaries
porous? What controls primary size?
Primary Particles
4
Morphology From Scattering
Agglomerate
Aggregate
Primary Particle
Network Polymer
100,000 nm
200 nm
0.5 nm
10 nm
5
Powder Synthesis

• Parameters affecting silica polymerization
• Temperature
• pH
• Time
• Ionic strength
• Shear due to agitation

Polymerization
Nucleation
Growth
Aggregation
Aging
Agglomeration
6
In Situ Growth
UNICAT USAXS
7
Stabilization Techniques
Electrostatic Stabilization
Steric Stabilization
8
Silicic Acid Neutralization
9
Morphology of Modified Protocols
Powder
Solution
10
Agglomerate Evolution
Electrostatic
Steric
Early Slurry
Dry Powder
Late Slurry
11
Comparison of Powder and Rubber Dispersion
12
Mechanical Properties
13
Filler dispersion in rubber