Broken Pencil Demo - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Broken Pencil Demo

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The light rays from the pencil travel from a denser ... Snell's Law ... In the following two examples, use Snell's law to complete the following diagrams: ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Broken Pencil Demo


1
Broken Pencil Demo
  • Is the pencil actually broken?
  • Why does the pencil look like it is broken?
  • Would we get the same effect without the water?

2
The light rays from the pencil travel from a
denser medium (water) to a less dense medium
(air). This makes the light ray refract away
from the normal, and the pencil is seen at the
extension of the refracted ray.
3
Refraction
  • Light is observed to change directions as it
    crosses the boundary from one medium into another
    medium.
  • The bending of the path of light is known as
    refraction.

4
  • Light is refracted toward the normal as it enters
    a denser medium.
  • Light is refracted away from the normal as it
    enters a less-dense medium.

5
  • Angle of Refraction The angle which the
    refracted ray makes with the normal line

6
Snell's Law
  • The study of the refraction of light as it
    crosses from one material into a second material
    yields a general relationship between the sines
    of the angle of incidence and the angle of
    refraction.
  • This general relationship is expressed by the
    following equation
  • angle of incidence
  • angle of refraction
  • ni index of refraction of the incident medium
  • nr index of refraction of the refractive medium

7
Index of Refraction Value (n)
  • Index of refraction values (represented by the
    symbol n) are numerical index values which are
    expressed relative to the speed of light in a
    vacuum

8
Indices of Refraction
9
Example Problems
  • In the following two examples, use Snell's law to
    complete the following diagrams

Given 45 degrees in Example A 60
degrees in Example B
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