Animal Kingdom

1
Animal Kingdom

• Phylum Porifera

2
Phylum Porifera

• porifera - having pores
• thick sides with many holes or pores
  connecting inside to outside
• Example sponge p.320-322

3
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

• Vary in color, size, and shape WHY? Affected
  by the water currents and where they live (the
  climate) - can be yellow, purple, green, pink
  and orange - irregular shape
• Asymmetrical no definite shape
• Sessile attached
• attaches to rocks, shells, or other solid
  surfaces in water
• Ancient Greeks thought a sponge was a
  plant because it did not move around
• 4. Live where? Most live in salt water but
  some live in fresh water

4
CELLULAR STRUCTURE

• Body is like a sack that is pierced all over with
  holes
• Two cell layers
• endoderm cells lining the central cavity
• (contain flagella and collar
  cells)
• ectoderm cells outside which help to
• protect the animal

5

• Between the 2 layers is a jellylike material
• No tissues, organs, or organ systems
• No TRUE skeletal system
• classified by kind of skeleton
• 1. Hard skeleton due to spicules
• (classified by shape of
  spicules)
• 2. Skeleton made of protein
• flexible

6
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

• Osculum excurrent pore things exit the sponge
  through this (also known as the vent) located at
  the top of the sponge
• some of the smaller openings are called
  oscula
• Incurrent pore these pores take in water (also
  known as the ostia)
• Jelly-like layer this is the material of the
  sponge that remains after the sponge dies and
  decays
• 2 parts
• 1. spicules hard spikes that give the
  sponge support (spikes sharp as needles)
• 2. spongy material jellylike cells

7

• Internal cavity hollow (this is the central
  cavity)
• Collar cells (also called porocytes) helps with
  the water flow / filters and absorbs food and
  oxygen / gets rid of waste in the water flow
• Sponges were re-classified as animals due to
  the flagella attached to the collar cells which
  assist in the movement of food/waste/water
• See diagram and draw in water flow

8
FOOD GETTING page 232

• Food and oxygen pulled in through incurrent pore
  (bacteria and protists)
• Food is absorbed and trapped by the collar cells
  and digested (removes food from water)
• Waste and carbon dioxide are eliminated through
  the osculum

9
REPRODUCTION

• Sexually sperm and egg
• not separate sexes
• form eggs at one time or the year and the
  sperm at another time
• sometimes the egg and sperm com from the same
  sponge
• shed these into the central cavity and then
  fertilize in the cavity or outside the sponge in
  the ocean
• after fertilization a larva (ball of cells)
  is formed which then attaches to a solid surface
  and grows
• into an adult

10

• Asexually 2 ways
• 1. budding
• 2. regeneration growing a new organism from
  a part

11
Some Sponge species..