A longitudinal panel study on antecedents and outcomes of workhome interference

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A longitudinal panel study on antecedents and
outcomes of work-home interference
Holger Steinmetz, Michael Frese, and Peter
Schmidt University of Giessen / Germany
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Introduction

• Work-Home Interference (WHI)
• A form of interrole-conflict in which the role
  pressures from the work and nonwork domain are
  mutually incompatible (Greenhaus Beutell, 1985)
• Work makes nonwork role performance more
  difficult (Katz Kahn, 1964)
• Work hinders nonwork role performance (Edwards
  Rothbard, 2000)
• Forms of WHI / conflict (Greenhaus Beutell,
  1985)
• Time-based
• Strain-based
• Behavior-based

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Antecedents and outcomes of WHI

• Complex models of antecedents and outcomes of WHI
  (e.g., Carlson Perrewé, 1999 Frone, et al.,
  1992 Frone, 1997 Kopelman, et al., 1983)

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Antecedents and outcomes of WHI

• Frone, M. R., Russel, M., Cooper (1992)

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Antecedents and outcomes of WHI Meta-analytic
results

• Proposed antecedents (Byron, 2005)
• Working time
• Job stress
• job involvement
• Work support
• Schedule flexibility
• Family stress
• Proposed outcomes (Allen et al., 2000)
• Job attitudes (Job satisfaction, organizational
  commitment)
• Well-being (Depression, burnout, somatic
  complaints etc.)
• Turnover motivation
• Job performance

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Longitudinal studies on WHI

• Heterogenous results because of
• different time lags
• a variety of constructs
• Limitations
• Research focus Mostly WHI ? well-being
• Comprehensiveness of the causal analysis (cf.
  Zapf, Dorman Frese, 1996) Half of the studies
  tested only one direction
• Method Mostly multiple Regression (Ordinary
  least squares) or path analysis

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The study Tested models
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The study Tested models
Model A
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The study Tested models
WHI
Working hours
Depression
Turnover motivation
Stressors
Model B
Model A
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The study Tested models
WHI
Working hours
Depression
Turnover motivation
Stressors
Model B
Model A
Turnover motivation
WHI
Working hours
Working hours
WHI
Turnover motivation
Depression
Depression
Stressors
Stressors
Model D
Model C
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The study Tested models
WHI
Working hours
Depression
Turnover motivation
Stressors
Model B
Model A
Turnover motivation
WHI
Working hours
Working hours
WHI
Turnover motivation
Depression
Depression
Stressors
Stressors
Model D
Model C
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Autoregressive (panel) models
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The studySample

• Sample
• Two waves Time lag 1 year
• Broad German Sample a variety of occupations
  from various industries
• Demographic variables representative for the
  German working population
• T1 N 365
• T2 N 133
• Mean N 188 across the cells of the covariance
  matrix
• Drop out analysis
• Correlation between model variables and T2
  dropout
• Only signficant r .13 (for age) and r .12
  (for turnover motivation)

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The studyConstructs and measures

• Constructs and measures
• Stressors (Zapf, 1991), 3 items for time
  pressures and 3 items for role ambiguity (e.g.,
  how often do you get unclear assignments?
• Working time Weekly working hours of the last 2
  weeks
• WHI (Netemeyer, et al., 1996) 3 items (e.g.,
  Things at home dont get done because of my
  work)
• Depression (Zung, 1965) adapted by Mohr (1986) 3
  items (e.g., I am looking into the future
  without any hope)
• Turnover motivation (Schaubroeck, et al., 1996)
  3 items (Turnover cognitions, implementation
  behavior, and intention to quit)

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The study Results (Synchronous effects models)
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The study Standardized path coefficients
Working hours
Turnover motivation
.12
.24
WHI
.19
.19
Depression
Stressors
.14