Land Development Strategies for Open Space Conservation

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Land Development Strategies for Open Space
Conservation Small Town Preservation

• Jay Tomlinson
• Assistant Dean, Extension and Engagement
• College of Design, NC State University

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Blue Ridge Parkway Conservation Research
Projects

• Design Research Laboratory
• School of Design
• NC State University

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Viewshed Mapping

• Based on
• Number of cell points
• and
• Distance from
• the Parkway

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Project Overview One Mile Viewshed

• Completed
• Underway
• Remaining

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Prioritizing Parcels for Conservation, Watauga
Co. NC
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Prioritizing Parcels for Conservation Watauga Co.
NC

• Averaged Visual Sensitivity Score
• vs. Real Value

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Bamboo Gap, North Carolina
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Land Development Strategies for North Carolina
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Low Impact Development

• Slowing down and retaining storm water on-site
• Use of swales vs. curb and gutter

• Reduction of clearing and lawn
• Narrow streets and roads

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Low Impact Development

• Green roofs
• Porous pavements

Images from www.ncgreenbuilding.org (NC Green
Building Technology Database)
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Low Impact Development Energy Alternatives

• Orientation for passive solar and natural
  daylighting
• Use of photovoltaics and solar hot water
• Landscaping to reduce heating and cooling loads

Solar panels at Raleigh Republican headquarters,
Hillsborough St.
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Pedestrian Environment

• Creation of paths and pedestrian spaces in
  planned unit development
• Sidewalks, greenways, building accessibility,
  lighting, seating, shade, traffic calming devices
• Healthy communities
• Universal Design

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Community Barriers to Walking

• Intersections too wide for safe crossings,
• Or no crosswalks are developed,
• Sidewalks do not connect to destinations.

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Healthy Communities

• 15 of all children in U.S. are overweight
• Factors contributing to obesity include eating
  behavior, sedentary lifestyle, built
  environment (sidewalks transportation systems

As part of everyday life, would walking reduce
weight gain?
Sources National Institute of Environmental
Health Sciences Center for Disease Control
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Livable Communities
Are.Universally Designed

• Universal housing
• Universal Design
• of neighborhoods
• of transit hubs and stations
• Sustainable communities
• Ecologically sound
• Healthy Active Living

for all ages and abilities
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Cul-de-sac Oriented Design
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Grid Oriented Design
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Open Space

• Maximizing open space in common areas of planned
  unit development
• Features which provide open space in developments
  (pocket parks, village green, buffers,
  floodplains, etc.)

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Open Space Retention(Cluster Development)
Image from Rural by Design by Randall Arendt
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Jackson Creek Development Scenario

• Existing Site
• Agricultural setting with farms and forested land
• Recreational opportunities with water and
  greenways
• Approx. 159 acres
• Planned unit development is occurring in the area.

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Jackson Creek Conventional Design

• Conventional design with 19 lots
• No open space or common areas for recreation
• Greenway development would need to be negotiated
  with lot owners

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Jackson Creek Conventional Design
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Jackson Creek Conventional Design
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Jackson Creek Conventional Design
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Jackson Creek Conventional Design
Buffer around development to protect the
floodplain / river corridor
131 acres of open space
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Jackson Creek Conservation Design
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Jackson Creek Conservation Design
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Jackson Creek Conservation Design
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Jackson Creek Conservation Design
Jackson Creek Conservation Design
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Summary Jackson CreekConservation Design

• More total units can be located
• Creation of open space
• Common recreational areas for residents
• Establishment of greenway corridor
• Opportunity for conservation easements

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New Urbanism andNeo-traditional Design

• Where do these terms come from?
• What is the concept?
• Some Examples

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Garden City Concept
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Seaside, FLDuany, Plater-Zyberk 1970s
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Colonial Williamsburglate 1600s
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5 10 Minute Walking Radius
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Conventional Development
Image from Rural by Design by Randall Arendt
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Farmhouse Cluster Concept
Image from Rural by Design by Randall Arendt
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Energy Conservation and Open Space (Passive
Solar Alignment)
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Eno Commons Co-Housing
Eno Commons Co-Housing

• Cluster development
• Village center / commercial core
• Provision of buffers
• Planned open space
• Provision for recreation
• Alternative transportation options
• Energy efficiency

• www.enocommons.org

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Eno Commons
Eno Commons
Source www.enocommons.org
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Arcadia Cohousing
Arcadia Co-housing

• Arcadia is a 33 home cohousing neighborhood in
  Carrboro, NC. It consists of a mixture of
  townhouses and detached houses. Arcadia was built
  on a 16.5 acre parcel of land, of which
  approximately 6 acres have been preserved as
  forested open space. Arcadia was completed in
  1996.

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Arcadia Carrboro, NC
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Arcadia Carrboro, NC
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Arcadia Aerial View
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Arcadia Aerial View
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Arcadia Co-housing
Arcadia Community Center
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Arcadia Co-housing
Arcadia Central Path
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Arcadia Community Garden
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Arcadia Active Solar
Arcadia
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Solterra Rain Water Retention
Solterra Rain Water Retention
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Solterra Common Kitchen
Solterra Common Kitchen
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Westwood
Westwood

• Co-housing Project, Asheville, NC

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Westwood Resource Conservation
The 24 dwelling units

• use of a central, or district, heat system
  (radiant floor heat)
• share one water meter so residents save by not
  having 24 separate monthly meter charges
• have closet spaces instead of furnace/hot water
  heaters, and the common house has one mechanical
  room for production and distribution of heat and
  hot water via underground conduit

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Westwood Common House
Provides solar power from one large collector
panel
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Westwood- Irrigation
Westwood Irrigation
Cisterns capture rain water from storm drains
located in the parking lot as well as in
strategic places across the site.
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Southern Village Mixed Use Development
Southern Village Mixed Use

• Village center / commercial core
• Provision of buffers
• Planned open space
• Provision for recreation
• Alternative transportation options
• Range of housing choices
• www.southernvillage.com

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Southern Village
Southern Village
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Southern Village
Southern Village

• Planned open space
• Range of housing choices
• Planned walking trails

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Southern Village
Southern Village
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Fearrington Village Mixed Use

• Historical preservation
• Retention of agriculture
• Village center / commercial core
• Provision of buffers
• Planned open space
• Provision of recreation

• www.fearrington.com

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• Retention of rural agricultural character

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Source Sears Design Group
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Source Sears Design Group
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Source Sears Design Group
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Small Town Presrvation
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Envisioning
Broadway, North Carolina
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Envisioning
Broadway, North Carolina
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Envisioning
Broadway, North Carolina
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Envisioning
Broadway, North Carolina
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The Community Workshop
November 16th, 2004
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The Community Workshop
Jay, Abel, Todd, Courtney
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The Community Workshop
Abel, exchange student, Netherlands
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The Community Workshop
Photo Survey Exercise
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The Community Workshop
Photo Survey Exercise
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The Community Workshop
Photo Survey Exercise
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The Community Workshop
Mental Mapping Exercise
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The Community Workshop
Example from the Mental Mapping Exercise
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The Community Workshop
Example from the Design Game Exercise
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The Process
Broadways Zoning
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The Process
B1 Northern Business District
Broadways Zoning
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Envisioned Changes to Business Districts
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B1
Existing B1 Area
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B1
Envisioned Access Roads
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B1
Envisioned Businesses
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B1
Envisioned Parking
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B1
Existing Conditions
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B1
Envisioned Businesses
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B1
Envisioned Businesses
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B1
Envisioned Roads new parking lot access
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B1
Envisioned Street Trees
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B1
Existing Conditions
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B1
Envisioned Power line removal
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B1
Envisioned Signs lowered
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B1
Envisioned Road widening
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B1
Envisioned Curbs sidewalks
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B1
Envisioned Street Trees lowered signage
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B1
Envisioned Street Trees ornamental street
lights
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B1
Envisioned Bike Lanes Ornamental street lights
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B1
Envisioned sidewalk alternative
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B1
Another sidewalk pattern alternative
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B2
Existing B2 Area
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B2
Envisioned Access Roads
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B2
Envisioned Businesses
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B2
Envisioned Parking
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B2
Envisioned Open Space
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B2
Existing B2
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B2
Basic improvements
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B2
Junk cars gone
Basic improvements
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B2
Envisioned Access Roads
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B2
Envisioned Parking
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B2
Envisioned Businesses
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B2
Envisioned Landscaping
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B2
Existing Conditions
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B2
Envisioned Power line Pear tree removal
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B2
Envisioned Curb extensions Street Lights
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B2
Envisioned Street Trees Crosswalks
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Smithfield, North Carolina Visioning Project
Fifth St. Market St.
Existing
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Fifth St. Market St.
Proposed

• Remove
• Power lines
• Ornamental Traffic lights

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Fifth St. Market St.

• Proposed

• Remove
• Power lines
• Ornamental Traffic lights
• Brick Crosswalks

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Fifth St. Market St.

• Proposed

• Remove
• Power lines
• Ornamental Traffic lights
• Brick Crosswalks
• Street trees

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Cary, North CarolinaSouth Academy and Walnut
Street

• A town park with parking for the cultural arts
  center

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Existing Scene
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Removal of Old Buildings
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Water Features and Performance Area
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Trails and Parking
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Landscaping
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South Academy and Walnut StreetResidential

• High-density residential infill

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Existing Scene
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Removal of Old Buildings
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Roads, Trails, and Parking
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Extra Parking for Cultural Arts Center
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Condominiums and Multifamily Units
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The Park was selected for development.
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• "Growth is inevitable and desirable, but
  destruction of community character is not. The
  question is not whether your part of the world is
  going to change. The question is how."
• - Edward T. McMahon, The Conservation Fund

Source www.cyburbia.org
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Department of Research, Extension
Engagement [phone] James (Jay)
Tomlinson www.ncsu.edu/drl/