Humans inhumanity to others

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Humans inhumanity to others

• Prejudice attitude
• Discrimination behavior

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Prejudice

• a negative attitude toward an individual, based
  on his or her
• alleged membership
• in an alleged group
• with putative negative characteristics

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Discrimination

• injurious behavior directed at the object of
  ones prejudice

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Who are the victims of prejudice?

• powerless
• history of discrimination
• visible
• different in any way
• ritual murder

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Why are people prejudiced?
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Theories of Prejudice

• historical
• economic
• sociological

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Historical

• women
• African-Americans

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Economic

• realistic conflict theory groups in conflict
  over economic resources come to hate each other

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Sociological

• social categorization dividing the world into us
  (ingroup) vs. them (outgroup)
• social comparison self-esteem attached to
  membership in ingroup

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• the difference between you and me is youre one
  of them Im one of us
• Were special
• therefore, youre inferior

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Psychological theories of Prejudice

• Behavioral theory discrimination is a behavior
  that is rewarded
• with better housing, better jobs, more money,
  social status
• Social Learning Theory Where does the behavior
  come from?
• Modeling parents behavior
• Depth theories

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Psychoanalytic theories of Prejudice

• The Authoritarian Personality (1950)

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Authoritarian Personality

• research originated in Germany in early 1930s on
  anti-Semitism
• Adorno and his colleagues moved to America
• prejudice linked to a particular personality
  type, from a particular family background

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Measurement of Authoritarianism

• F-scale
• Sample items

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RWA

• The way things are going in this country, it's
  going to take a lot of "strong medicine" to
  straighten out the troublemakers, criminals, and
  perverts.
• It is always better to trust the judgment of the
  proper authorities in government and religion
  than to listen to the noisy rabble-rousers in our
  society who are trying to create doubt in
  people's minds.

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• The facts on crime, sexual immorality, and the
  recent public disorders all show we have to crack
  down harder on deviant groups and troublemakers
  if we are going to save our moral standards and
  preserve law and order.
• There is nothing immoral or sick in somebody's
  being homosexual.

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Traits of the Authoritarian

• conventionalism
• authoritarian submission
• authoritarian aggression
• anti-intraception
• glorification of power and toughness

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• superstition and stereotopy
• projection
• sexual attitudes

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Development of Authoritarianism

• parents who are rigid and punitive
• repression of sexual and aggressive impulses
• projection of anger and sexual feelings onto
  despised outgroups
• displacement of aggression onto despised outgroups

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Link between development and personality

• repression of anger toward parents
• repression of anger and sexuality

• Glorification of parents and authorities
• Anti-intraception cant afford to look within

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Authoritarianism and Prejudice

• equal opportunity bigots high scorers on the
  F-scale despise Arabs, Jews, African-Americans,
  women, etc.
• culture-specific authoritarian Russians
  prejudiced against Americans authoritarian
  Americans have no use for Russians

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• authoritarianism predicts willingness to
  discriminate, including to hunt down, persecute,
  and hand over for torture people with dissident
  political views

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• authoritarianism predicts prejudice against
  homosexuals, opposition to abortion, support for
  a number of wars (e.g., Vietnam, Korea)

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Ameliorating Prejudice and Discrimination

• education
• enforced contact
• cooperation toward a superordinate goal
• Sherif. Boys camp study