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Introduction, History, Perspectives, and Careers

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Title: Introduction, History, Perspectives, and Careers


1
Introduction, History, Perspectives, and Careers
  • Module 01

2
I. Psychology
  • The scientific study of behavior and mental
    processes.

3
I. Six Contemporary Psychological Perspectives
  • Module 1 Introduction, History, Perspectives,
    and Careers

4
A. Psychological Perspectives
  • Classifying a collection of ideas that view
    behavior from a particular perspective
  • Also called schools of thought or
  • psychological approaches

5
1. Biological Perspective
  • Focus How our biological structures and
    substances underlie a given behavior, thought, or
    emotion
  • Behavior is explained by brain chemistry,
    genetics, glands, etc.

6
a. Gestalt Psychology
  • Focus How we integrate pieces of information
    into meaningful wholes.
  • The whole is different from the sum of its parts.

7
2. Psychodynamic Perspective
  • Focus How behavior is affected by unconscious
    drives and conflicts
  • Behavior is explained by unconscious motivation
    and unresolved inner conflicts from ones
    childhood.

8
a. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
  • Founder of the psychoanalytic perspective
  • Believed that abnormal behavior originated from
    unconscious drives and conflicts

9
3. Behavioral Perspective
  • Focus How we learn through rewards, punishments,
    and observation
  • Behavior is explained learning

10
a. Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)
  • Russian Physiologist studied digestion in dogs
  • Discovered Classical Conditioning

11
b. John B. Watson (1878-1958)
  • Founder of behaviorism
  • Emphasized observable events, objective data, and
    scientific methodology

12
c. B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)
  • Behaviorist
  • Focused on learning through rewards and punishment

13
4. Social-Cultural Perspective
  • Focus How thinking and behavior change depending
    on the setting or situation
  • Behavior is explained by the influence of other
    people

14
5. Cognitive Perspective
  • Focus On how people think and process
    information
  • Behavior is explained by how a person interprets
    the situation

15
6. Humanistic Perspective
  • Stressed the study of conscious experience and an
    individuals free will
  • Healthy individuals strive to reach their
    potential.

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B. Psychologys Horizon
  • Module 1 Introduction, History, Perspectives,
    and Careers

19
1. Behavior Genetics
  • Focus How behavior is affected by genes and the
    environment
  • Combines biology and behaviorism

20
2. Evolutionary Psychology
  • Combines aspects of biological, psychological,
    and social perspectives
  • Behavior is explained by how the behavior may
    have helped our ancestors survive long enough to
    reproduce successfully.

21
3. Positive Psychology
  • Focus To study and promote optimal human
    functioning
  • Promotes building positive qualities in people

22
C. Careers in Psychology
  • Module 1 Introduction, History, Perspectives,
    and Careers

23
1. Clinical Psychologists
  • Diagnose and treat patients with psychological
    problems
  • Largest number of professional psychologists

24
2. Industrial-Organizational Psychologist Help
organizations (businesses) solve problems
  • 3. Psychometricians design psychological tests

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The End
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