Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

1
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

• Christianah Adekoya
• Troy University School of Nursing
• Spring 2008

2
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

• Type 2 diabetes mellitus describes a condition
  of hyperglycemia that occurs despite the
  availability of insulin. It accounts for 90 to
  95 of persons with diabetes.

3
Causes of DM Type 2

• Diabetes is caused by a problem in the way your
  body makes or uses insulin.
• If glucose does not get into the cells, there
  will be too much glucose in the blood

4
Symptoms of DM Type 2

• Polyuria Excessive urination
• Polydipsia Excessive thirst
• Polyphagia Excessive hunger

5
Prevention

• Everyone over 45 should have blood glucose
  checked at least every 3 years.
• Maintain a healthy body weight and keep an active
  lifestyle.

6
Criteria for Diagnosis of DM

• Casual plasma glucose concentration greater than
  200 mg/dL
• Fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to
  126 mg/dL
• 2-h post-load glucose greater than 200 mg/dL
  during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)

7
Treatment of DM Type 2

• Self testing
• Diet and weight control
• Regular physical activity
• Medication

8
Continuing Care

• Medical check up every 3 months with a diabetes
  care provider
• Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) check, the 3
  months average of the blood glucose level
• Blood pressure check
• Foot and skin examination
• Ophthalmoscopy examination
• Neurological examination

9
Medications for DM Type 2

• Oral sulfonylureas
• Biguanides
• Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
• Thiazolidinediones
• Meglitinides

10
Possible Complications

• Diabetic retinopathy (eye disease)
• Diabetic Coma
• Diabetic nephropathy (kidney disease)
• Diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage)
• Peripheral vascular disease (damage to blood
  vessels/circulation)
• High cholesterol, high blood pressure,
  arteriosclerosis, and coronary artery disease

11
Foot Care

• People with diabetes are prone to foot problems.
  Diabetes can cause damage to nerves, which means
  you may not feel an injury to the foot until a
  large sore or infection develops. Diabetes can
  also damage blood vessels, which makes it harder
  for the body to fight infection.

12
More information

• Medline Plus
• Diabetes Spectrum
• WebMD
• emedicine

13
(No Transcript)