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Himalayan structure and tectonics

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Himalayan structure and tectonics. India-Asia collision responsible for almost ... high-grade metamorphic and/or plutonic rocks mantled by Tibetan zone sedimentary ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Himalayan structure and tectonics


1
Himalayan structure and tectonics
2
India-Asia collision responsible for almost all
major structural features of central and eastern
Asia
3
Wang et al., 2001
4
Molnar and Tapponier, 1975
5
Lithotectonic units after Hodges (2000)
  • Transhimalayan zone
  • Indus-Tsangpo suture zone
  • Tibetan zone
  • North Himalayan gneiss domes
  • Greater Himalayan zone a.k.a. Greater Himalayan
    sequence
  • Lesser Himalayan zone
  • Subhimalayan zone
  • Foreland basin

6
Indus-Tsangpo suture zone Asian forarc deposits,
ophiolites, and Indian distal passive margin
sediments
7
Transhimalayan zone Continental magmatic arc
related to Andean-style margin along south Asia
before collision
8
North Himalayan gneiss domes Large tracts of
high-grade metamorphic and/or plutonic rocks
mantled by Tibetan zone sedimentary rocks
9
Greater Himalayan zone a.k.a. Greater Himalayan
sequence Thick fault-bounded package of high-T
metasedimentary rocks and Al-rich leucogranites
exposed along Himalayan front
10
Lesser Himalayan zone Fault-bounded low- to
medium-T metasedimentary rocks exposed in the
Himalayan foothills
11
Major structural elements after Hodges (2000)
  • South-vergent, low-angle, reverse-sense fault
    zonesMain Frontal Thrust, Main Boundary Thrust,
    and Main Central Thrust
  • South Tibetan Detachment System
  • Low-angle fault zones associated with
    north-Himalayan gneiss domes
  • Strike-slip fault zones
  • NorthSouth-striking normal fault systems

12
South-vergent, low-angle, reverse-sense fault
zonesMain Frontal Thrust, Main Boundary Thrust,
and Main Central Thrust
13
South Tibetan Detachment System (STD) Seperates
Greater Himalayan zone from Tibetan zone rocks
14
diagram from M.P. Searle
15
diagram from M.P. Searle
16
Folded Orogenic Wedge
17
Channel Flow
18
Strike-slip fault zones Consistent dextral offset
accommodates eastward escape of Tibet
19
Northsouth-striking normal fault
systems Accommodate eastwest extension and
eastward escape of Tibet
20
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